Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine

Figure 3 Characteristic appearance of the duodenum in superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-ligated rats. A: The characteristic appearance of the duodenum in superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (SAPDV)-ligated rats after ligation (before therapy), and then with therapy: during and immediately after medication bath [saline (upper); BPC 157 (lower) application; duodenum opening before sacrifice at 5 min ligation-time; USB microscope camera]. Therapy with saline bath. Congested duodenal serosa and duodenal arcades with few vessels branching before, during and after medication saline bath. The congested haemorrhagic area was observed upon duodenal opening after saline bath treatment in rats that underwent obstruction of the SAPDV for 5 min. Therapy with BPC 157 bath. Immediately with BPC 157 medication applied as a bath apparently not congested serosa and vessels with increased branching replaced congested duodenal serosa and duodenal arcades with few vessel branching. Area without apparent congestion and haemorrhage was observed upon duodenal opening after BPC 157 bath treatment in rats that underwent obstruction of the SAPDV for 5 min; B: High magnification of presentation with ligation, and presentation of the moment immediately with therapy application, as saline bath as medication, or BPC 157 bath medication. L: Ligation; T: Therapy; TS: Therapy with saline bath; TB: Therapy with BPC 157 bath; C: Congested haemorrhagic area; B: Area without apparent congestion and haemorrhage.