Overexpression of G protein-coupled receptor 31 as a poor prognosticator in human colorectal cancer

Table 3 Univariate analysis of G protein-coupled receptor 31 expression and clinicopathologic variables on disease-free survival

Variable	Training cohort			Validation cohort
	All cases	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	All cases	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Age (yr)			0.021a			0.182
< 58.4	153	1.0			1.0
≥ 58.4	168	1.683 (1.082-2.619)			1.481 (0.832-2.636)
Gender			0.832			0.959
Female	148	1.0			1.0
Male	173	0.955 (0.624-1.462)			0.986 (0.573-1.697)
BMI (kg/m2)			0.388			0.938
< 21.4	159	1.0			1.0
≥ 21.4	154	0.977 (0.926-1.030)			1.035 (0.431-2.488)
Preoperative ileus			0.461			0.925
Yes	25	1.0			1.0
No	294	1.299 (0.647-2.607)			0.971 (0.524-1.800)
CEA (ng/mL)			0.001a			0.057
< 5	200	1.0			1.0
≥ 5	97	2.233 (1.400-3.563)			1.709 (0.985-2.966)
CA199 (ng/mL)			0.014a			0.415
< 37	218	1.0			1.0
≥ 37	64	1.920 (1.143-3.225)			1.334 (0.668-2.666)
Tumor location			0.101			0.199
Colon	156	1.0			1.0
Rectal	163	1.416 (0.934-2.147)			0.713 (0.425-1.195)
Size (cm)			0.210			0.686
< 5.0	156	1.0			1.0
≥ 5.0	164	1.316 (0.857-2.022)			0.893 (0.514-1.549)
Histopathology			0.112			0.108
Adenocarcinoma	283	1.0			1.0
Others	38	1.617 (0.894-2.924)			1.793 (0.879-3.658)
Differentiation			0.002a			0.069
Well/moderate	271	1.0			1.0
Poor	50	2.200 (1.342 -3.607)			1.732 (0.958-3.132)
pT classification			0.020a			0.001a
T1/T2	60	1.0			1.0
T3/T4	261	2.269 (1.135-4.537)			9.173 (2.867-29.350)
pN classification			< 0.001b			< 0.001b
N0	194	1.0			1.0
N1	124	2.228 (1.446-3.434)			2.667 (1.567-4.538)
pM classification			< 0.001b			< 0.001b
M0	298	1.0			1.0
M1	23	8.856 (5.259-14.913)			5.210 (2.895-9.375)
GPR31 expression			< 0.001b			< 0.001b
Low	197	1.0			1.0
High	124	2.576 (1.671-3.969)			3.277 (1.942-5.530)

^aP < 0.05;

^bP < 0.001; CI: Confidence interval; GPR31: G protein-coupled receptor 31; BMI: Body mass index; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CA199: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9.