Cerebral lipiodol embolism related to a vascular lake during chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature

Table 1 Characteristics of 28 cases of cerebral lipiodol embolism

Age	Sex	Tumor characteristics	Pulmonary involvement	Embolization via extrahepatic artery supply	Dose of lipiodol	AV shunt	RL shunt	Ref.
52	M	Advanced	+	-	35		ND	[2]
58	M		+		8		ND	[2]
56	M		+				ND	[2]
76	M	Large	+	IPA				[3]
81	F	Large	+	IPA	20		ND	[4]
70	F	Large			12	ND		[5]
62	F	15.0 cm	+	IPA	30	ND	ND	[6]
67	M			IPA	5		PFO	[7]
63	F			IPA	10		+	[7]
36	M	Huge	+		40	ND		[8]
51	F	Huge	+		40	ND		[9]
41	M	Multiple and PVTT	+		30	+	ND	[10]
71	M						ND	[11]
44	M	Large		BA				[12]
54	M	13.0 cm		IPA	30			[13]
66	M	11.5 cn	+	-	4		ND	[14]
62	M	16.0 cm					ND	[15]
52	M	18.0 cm	+	IPA	50	ND	Pulmonary AV shunt	[16]
66	F			IPA	20			[17]
39	M	8.0 cm		IPA	13	PV		[18]
51	M	13.0 cm	+	-	30	PV		[18]
73	F	19.0 cm	+	IPA	15	PV		[18]
67	F	6.0 cm	+	LGA	10			[18]
54	F	3.0 cm		IPA	90			[18]
63	M	14.0 cm	+	RSGA	50			[18]
52	M	17.0 cm	+	-	30			[18]
72	M	10.0 cm	+	-	20			[18]
63	M	9.0 cm	+	IPA	16	+	ND	Present case

ND: Not detected; IPA: Inferior phrenic artery; AV: Arteriovenous; RL: Right-to-left; PFO: Patent foramen ovale; PVTT: Portal vein tumor thrombus; BA: Bronchial artery; PV: Shunt to pulmonary vein; LGA: Left gastric artery; RSGA: Right superior gluteal artery.