Outcomes of gastrointestinal defect closure with an over-the-scope clip system in a multicenter experience: An analysis of a successful suction method

Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of patients, defects, and over-the-scope clips

Characteristics	Details	Total patients (n = 58)
Age, median (range), yr		77 (37-98)
Indications, n
Refractory bleeding		18
	Ulcer (peptic, Behçet's, anastomosis)	12
	Mallory-Weiss tear	1
	Diverticula	2
	Post-endoscopic resection	3
Leaks		28
	Peptic ulcer	3
	Boerhaave	1
	Iatrogenic (ESD)	16
	Iatrogenic (ERCP)	2
	Iatrogenic (surgery)	4
	Iatrogenic (other)	2
Fistula		12
	PEG	6
	Rectum-bladder	1
	Rectum-pelvis	2
	Gastric tube-trachea	1
	Gastric-pseudopancreatic cyst	1
	Colon-gallbladder	1
Location, n
Esophagus		3
Stomach		28
Duodenum		13
Small intestine		2
Colon		12
Maximum defect size (D) mm, n
D ≤ 10		25
10 < D ≤ 20		9
20 < D		24
Median (range), mm		15 (3-50)
Duration since onset to OTSC placement, n
Immediate ≤ 1 d		25
1 < Acute ≤ 7 d		11
Chronic > 7 d		22
Suction method into the applicator cap
Simple suction		14
Twin Grasper (TG) assist		42
Anchor assist		2
The number of OTSC deployments, n
0		21
1		39
2		12
3		5

¹Procedural inability. OTSC: Over-the-scope clip; PEG: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; SS: Simple suction; TG: Twin Grasper.