Efficacy and safety of limited endoscopic sphincterotomy before self-expandable metal stent insertion for malignant biliary obstruction

Table 2 Characteristics and complications according to the cancer type n (%)

	Cholangiocarcinoman = 118	Pancreatic cancern = 79	non-pancreaticobiliary cancern = 47	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	73.5 ± 9.4	67.8 ± 10.4	69.3 ± 10.3	0.002
Hyperamylasemia, pre-procedure	6 (5.1)	3 (3.8)	5 (10.6)	0.273
Cholangitis, pre-procedure	28 (23.7)	19 (24.1)	21 (44.7)	0.021
Pancreatic duct invasion				< 0.001
Yes	12 (10.2)	64 (81.0)	9 (19.1)
No	106 (89.8)	15 (19.0)	38 (80.9)
Lymph node metastasis				0.345
Yes	77 (65.3)	58 (73.4)	35 (74.5)
No	41 (34.7)	21 (26.6)	12 (25.5)
Pancreatic duct injection				0.606
0	92 (78.0)	59 (74.7)	36 (76.6)
1-2	8 (6.8)	9 (11.4)	7 (14.9)
≥ 3	18 (15.3)	11 (13.9)	4 (8.5)
Number of initially inserted SEMS				0.004
1	106 (89.8)	79 (100.0)	45 (95.7)
2	12 (10.2)	0 (0.0)	2 (4.3)
Post-ERCP complication				0.696
Present	5 (4.2)	2 (2.5)	2 (4.3)
Absent	113 (95.8)	77 (97.5)	45 (95.7)
Post-ERCP complication type				0.914
Pancreatitis	4 (3.4)	1 (1.3)	2 (4.3)	0.681
Mild/moderate	3 (2.5)/1 (0.8)	1 (1.3)/0 (0)	2 (4.3)/0 (0)
Bleeding, mild	1 (0.8)	1 (1.3)	0 (0)
Perforation	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Post-ERCP hyperamylasemia	13 (11.0)	9 (11.4)	8 (17.0)
Stent complication				0.539
None	90 (76.3)	70 (88.6)	39 (83.0)
Stent occlusion	27 (22.9)	9 (11.4)	8 (17.0)
Stent migration	1 (0.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
Patency				0.161
No further procedure	90 (76.3)	70 (88.6)	39 (83)
ERBD restent	1 (0.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)
SEMS restent	20 (16.9)	9 (11.4)	3 (6.4)
PTBD	7 (5.9)	0 (0)	5 (10.6)

SEMS: Self-expandable metal stent; ERBD: Endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage; PTBD: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage.