Negative oncologic impact of poor postoperative pain control in left-sided pancreatic cancer

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients n (%)

Characteristic (n = 212)	Frequency, mean ± SD
Age (yr)	62.8 ± 9.5
Male gender	125 (59.0)
BMI (kg/m2)	22.8 ± 2.9
Diabetes	73 (34.4)
ASA
1	66 (31.1)
2	92 (43.4)
3	49 (23.1)
4	2 (0.9)
Operative time (min)	402.2 ± 129.3
Intraoperative bleeding (mL)	626.0 ± 482.8
Intraoperative transfusion	47 (22.2)
pT stage
T0	9 (4.2)
T1	16 (7.5)
T2	3 (1.4)
T3	182 (85.8)
T4	2 (0.9)
pN stage
N0	106 (50.0)
N1	106 (50.0)
pTNM staging
I	18 (8.5)
II	182 (85.8)
III	2 (0.9)
IV	1 (0.5)
R status
R0	187 (88.2)
R1	23 (10.8)
R2	2 (0.9)
Cell differentiation
Well	24 (11.3)
Moderate	152 (71.7)
Poor	17 (8.0)
Undifferentiated	1 (0.5)
Retrieved lymph nodes	17.3 ± 9.9
Vascular resection	55 (25.9)
Mutivisceral resection	36 (17.5)
Combined resection	71 (33.5)
Lymphovascular invasion	71 (33.5)
Perineural invasion	146 (68.9)
Neoadjuvant CCRT	66 (31.3)
Adjuvant treatment	154 (72.6)
Complications
Minor	112 (52.8)
Major(≥ G3)	20 (9.4)
Length of hospital stay (d)	21.1 ± 15.0
Recurrence	137 (64.6)

ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; CCRT: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy.