Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2017.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 21, 2017; 23(39): 7059-7076
Published online Oct 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i39.7059
Table 3 Common signs and symptoms of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency[1,14-16,18,19,22]
Sign/symptomAssociated findings
Excessive flatulenceAbdominal bloating or distension, cramps, belching
SteatorrheaFatty, bulky stools; increased bowel movements
MalnutritionWeight loss, anorexia, fatigue
Vitamin D deficiencyDeficient bone mineralization, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
Vitamin K deficiencyCoagulation abnormalities, ecchymoses, bone metabolism deficiencies
Vitamin A deficiencyNight blindness, decreased immune competence
Vitamin E deficiencyAtaxia and peripheral neuropathy
HypocalcemiaMuscle spasms, osteomalacia, osteoporosis
HypoalbuminemiaNail leukonychia