Dysphagia: Thinking outside the box

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2017; 23(38): 6942-6951
Published online Oct 14, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.6942

Table 1 Medications implicated in causing dysphagia

Medication	Putative mechanism
Antipsychotic, e.g., olanzapine[63], clozapine[62]	Block dopamine receptors
Tricyclic antidepressant, e.g., amitriptyline[56]	Anticholinergic, decreased saliva and impairment secondary peristalsis
Opioids[90]	Increase lower oesophageal contractility, oesophageal spasm
Iron supplements	Localised oesophagitis[58,59]
Potassium supplements
NSAIDs
Tetracyclines
Macrolides
bisphosphonates
Calcium channel blockers	Smooth muscle relaxation (including lower oesophageal sphincter)[56]
Nitrates
Alcohol
Theophylline

Citation: Philpott H, Garg M, Tomic D, Balasubramanian S, Sweis R. Dysphagia: Thinking outside the box. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(38): 6942-6951
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i38/6942.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.6942

Philpott H, Garg M, Tomic D, Balasubramanian S, Sweis R. Dysphagia: Thinking outside the box. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(38): 6942-6951 [PMID: 29097867 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i38.6942]

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