Road to stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Liver cancer stem cell markers in hepatocellular carcinoma

Marker	Another name	Function	Ref.
CD133	Prom-1	Neurotensin/IL-8/CXCL1 signaling	[33,186]
OV6	Oval cell marker	Unknown until know, but it is considered to be an inducible progenitor cell marker in rodent models.	[8,38]
EpCAM	Epithelial cell adhesion molecule	Activation of Wnt signaling	[187,188]
CD13	Cluster of differentiation 13	ROS-induced DNA damage reduction	[71,72,189]
CD24	Heat-stable antigen	STAT3-mediated NANOG regulation	[18,34,150]
CD90	Thy-1	Glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor	[18,32]
CD44	Hyaluronic acid receptor	Participation in epithelial mesenchymal transition	[33,69,190]
ALDH	Aldehyde dehydrogenase	Group of intracellular enzymes that oxidize aldehydes (thereby serving a detoxifying role)	[15,39]