Predictive factors for the failure of endoscopic stent-in-stent self-expandable metallic stent placement to treat malignant hilar biliary obstruction

Figure 4 Influence of the angle between the target biliary duct stricture and the first retained self-expandable metallic stent on wire or dilation device passage. The angle between the target biliary stricture and the first implanted self-expandable metallic stent in patients without wire or dilation catheter passage was significantly greater than the corresponding angle in the patients with wire or dilation catheter passage [93.0 degree (55-109.3) vs 44.2 degree (7-119.0), P < 0.01, median (range)].