Simple instruments facilitating achievement of transanal total mesorectal excision in male patients

Figure 1 Preparation of special instruments. A: The retractors, which are modified from thyroid retractors, could be adapted to the curvature of the pelvis manually. Red dots show the turning point of the retractor during transanal operation; B: An anal dilator with a papilionaceous fixture from a stapler device for hemorrhoids, which was placed after completion of intersphincteric resection.