Crohn’s disease environmental factors in the developing world: A case-control study in a statewide catchment area in Brazil

Table 2 Univariate analysis of associations between demographics, environmental factors in Crohn’s disease patients

Characteristics	Logistic univariate models
	OR	95%CI	P value2
Sex
Male	2.09	1.29-3.37	0.003
Female	1.00
Age (yr)
18-39	2.71	1.70-4.31	< 0.001
40-80	1.00
Race
White	1.57	1.00-2.47	0.050
Non-white	1.00
Educational level
Elementary	1.00
High school	1.98	1.22-3.22	0.006
Graduate school	2.63	1.21-5.68	0.014
Family income1
< 3	1.00
3-5	0.94	0.54-1.64	0.826
> 5	1.30	0.72-2.37	0.384
No information	0.98	0.44-2.15	0.957
Rural area
No	1.98	1.19-3.29	0.009
Yes	1.00
Housing conditions
Inadequate	1.14	0.49-2.61	0.765
Adequate	1.00
Family size in adulthood (n)
Until 1	1.00
2-3	2.09	1.17-3.75	0.013
4-8	2.29	1.15-4.54	0.018
Family size in childhood (n)
1-3	2.37	1.31-4.27	0.004
4-6	2.01	1.18-3.42	0.010
> 7	1.00
Pets
No	1.76	0.96-3.24	0.068
Yes	1.00
Breastfeeding
No	1.00
Yes	1.02	0.45-2.31	0.966
Unknown	0.51	0.16-1.61	0.251
Exposure to untreated water
No	1.00
Yes	1.83	1.14-2.93	0.012
Vaccine (childhood)
No	1.00
Yes	1.55	0.73-3.29	0.254
Viral diseases (childhood)
No	1.84	0.83-4.06	0.134
Yes	1.00
Helmintic infections
No	1.18	0.72-1.93	0.509
Yes	1.00
Exposure to enteric pathogens
No	1.00
Yes	2.16	1.37-3.42	0.001
Previous appendectomy
No	1.00
Yes	1.38	0.57-3.29	0.468
Tobacco exposure
Never	1.00
Prior	1.57	0.92-2.60	0.101
Current	0.87	0.44-1.73	0.697
Family history
No	1.00
Yes	1.51	0.64-3.54	0.348

¹Minimum wage,

²χ² test. CD: Crohn’s disease.