Prognostic factors associated with mortality in patients with gastric fundal variceal bleeding

Table 5 Baseline demographics and characteristics of patients in the proton pump inhibitors vs non- proton pump inhibitors group

Parameters	PPI group	Non-PPI group	P value
	(n = 14)	(n = 28)
Sex ratio (F/M)	6/8	7/21	0.2980
Mean age (yr)	61.9 ± 13.36	66.4 ± 10.53	0.2364
History
Smoking (presence/absence)	8/6	13/15	0.7442
Alcohol (presence/absence)	7/7	13/15	1
Disease conditions
Child-Pugh classification (A/B/C)	0/6/8	4/14/10	0.2122
Hepatocellular carcinoma (presence/absence)	6/8	8/20	0.4899
Hepatic encephalopathy (presence/absence)	2/12	4/24	1
Form of gastric fundal varices (F2-F3/F1)	2/12	2/26	0.5902
Concurrent esophageal varices (presence/absence)	7/7	23/5	0.0666
Previous treatment of GV (presence/absence)	0/14	1/27	1
Etiology of liver cirrhosis
Non-viral/viral	4/10	15/13	0.1905
Treatment of gastric fundal varices
Success of initial treatment (success/failure)	12/2	27/1	0.2537
Antibiotics (presence/absence)	8/6	15/13	1
Blood transfusion (presence/absence)	13/1	25/3	1
Medications before admission
NSAIDs (presence/absence)	4/24	1/13	0.6496
Anticoagulants (presence/absence)	1/13	0/28	0.3333
Proton pump inhibitors (presence/absence)	14/0	0/28	< 0.0001a
Blood test results
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	8.65 ± 1.59	8.68 ± 1.99	0.4792
Albumin (g/dL)	2.34 ± 0.39	2.64 ± 0.43	0.0314a
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.00 ± 1.39	1.97 ± 1.48	0.5238

PPI group: patients with gastric fundal variceal (GFV) bleeding who were administered proton pump inhibitors; Non-PPI group: patients with GFV bleeding who did not receive proton pump inhibitors.

^aP < 0.05. NA: Not applicable; GV: Gastric varices; NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors.