Risk factors for intraoperative perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Table 6 Clinical courses and treatment after perforations (n = 9)

Case	Fasting duration (d)	Hospitali-zation (d)	Maximal CRP (mg/dL)	Complication					Treatment				Local recurrence	Follow-up (mo)
				Pneumo-derma	Pneumo-thorax	Pleural effusion	Hypoxia	Fever ( °C)	Closing by clips	ABx	NG tube	Chest drain
1	8	20	26.5	−	−	+	−	38.1	Possible	+	−	+	−1	59
2	8	13	6.7	+	−	−	−	37.7	Possible	+	−	−	−	50
3	6	12	5.7	+	−	−	+	37.6	Possible	+	+	−	−	41
4	5	8	1.9	+	−	−	−	37.2	Possible	+	−	−	−2	46
5	5	7	6.9	+	−	+	−	< 37.0	Possible	+	+	−	−	42
6	19	22	16.7	+	−	+	+	38.3	Impossible	+	+	+	−	40
7	22	41	6.3	+	−	−	+	37.6	Impossible	+	+	−	−	30
8	6	9	5.5	+	−	+	+	< 37.0	Impossible	+	−	−	−2	28
9	6	9	8.8	+	−	−	+	37.8	Possible	+	+	−	−	53

¹Additional chemoradiotherapy because of submucosal infiltration;

²Additional curative surgery because of submucosal infiltration. CRP: C-Reactive protein; ABx: Antibiotics; NG tube: Nasogastric tube.