Laparoscopic approach to suspected T1 and T2 gallbladder carcinoma

Table 1 Perioperative characteristics of the patients n (%)

	LCWL(n = 50)	LCGB(n = 13)
Clinical findings
Sex
Male	30 (60)	6 (46.2)
Female	20 (40)	7 (53.8)
Age, median (range, yr)	58.5 (30-92)	67 (50-85)
Surgical findings
Operation time, median (range, min)	108 (61-221)	211 (111-293)
Intraoperative blood loss, median (range, mL)	Minimal (> 0-150)	28 (> 0-150)
Intraoperative perforation	1 (2.0)	0 (0)
Conversions to the open approach	0 (0)	0 (0)
Perioperative outcomes
Severe postoperative complications1	0 (0)	0 (0)
Mortality	0 (0)	0 (0)
Postoperative hospital stay, days -median (range)	3 (1-6)	6 (4-11)
Pathological findings
Gallbladder carcinoma	9 (18)	7 (53.8)
Depth of invasion2
pT1a	3	2
pT1b	0	0
pT2	5	53
pT3	1	0
pT4	0	0
Lymph node metastasis
pN0	9	5
pN1	0	2
Surgical margin
positive	0	0
negative	9	7
Postoperative outcomes
Additional operation performed	3	1
Recurrence
Yes	0	1
No	9	6

¹Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3 complications;

²Tumors were classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/TNM system;

³One patient underwent LCGB with D2 lymphadenectomy 42 d after LCWL. LCWL: Laparoscopic whole-layer cholecystectomy; LCGB: Laparoscopic gallbladder bed resection.