Predictors for difficult cecal insertion in colonoscopy: The impact of obesity indices

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants n (%)

Baseline characteristics (n = 1678)
Age (yr) (mean ± SD)	50.42 ± 9.93
< 65	1518 (90.5)
≥ 65	160 (9.5)
Gender
Male/female	1012 (60.3)/666 (39.7)
Obesity indices (mean ± SD)
BMI (kg/m2)	23.92 ± 2.96
WHR (n =1674)	0.90 ± 0.08
WC (cm) (n =1676)	86.95 ± 8.03
VAT volume (cm3)	905.29 ± 475.22
SAT volume (cm3)	1707.72 ± 576.55
History of abdominal surgery
Gynecological surgery	231 (13.8)
Gastrectomy	163 (9.7)
Other abdominal surgery	5 (0.3)
Constipation
Yes/no	182 (10.8)/1496 (89.2)
Experience
Attending physicians/Fellow	1039 (61.9)/639 (38.1)
Bowel preparation
Excellent to fair/Poor to inadequate	1209 (72.1)/469 (27.9)
Diverticulosis on colonoscopy
Yes/no	95 (5.7)/1583 (94.3)
CIT (min)
Median CIT (range)	7 (2-56) (IQR, 5-10)
Mean CIT (SD)1	8.58 ± 5.29
≤ 10 min	1278 (76.2)
> 10 min	400 (23.8)

¹One hundred thirty one patients were undergone multiple surgeries and duplicated with other type operation. BMI: Body mass index; WHR: Waist-to-hip circumference ratio; WC: Waist circumference; VAT: Visceral adipose tissue; SAT: Subcutaneous adipose tissue; CIT: Cecal insertion time.