Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2017; 23(11): 1954-1963
Published online Mar 21, 2017. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.1954

Table 3 Risk factors for novel oral anticoagulant-related gastrointestinal bleeding

Risk factors	Definition
Higher dose of dabigatran and edoxaban	Dabigatran: a dose of 150 mg b.i.d
Higher dose of dabigatran and edoxaban	Edoxaban: a dose of 60 mg daily
Concomitant use of ulcerogenic agents	Antiplatelet agents, NSAIDs or steroid
Older age	Age ≥ 75 years
Renal impairment	Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min
Prior history of peptic ulcers or GIB
Helicobacter pylori infection
Pre-existing GI tract lesions	Examples like diverticulosis, angiodysplasias
Ethnicity	Western population
HAS-BLED score	Score of ≥ 3
Protective factors	Definition
Gastroprotective agents	Proton pump inhibitors or histamine H2-receptor antagonists

NOAC: Novel oral anticoagulant; GIB: Gastrointestinal bleeding; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Citation: Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(11): 1954-1963
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v23/i11/1954.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.1954

Cheung KS, Leung WK. Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on novel oral anticoagulants: Risk, prevention and management. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23(11): 1954-1963 [PMID: 28373761 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i11.1954]

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