Health-related quality of life in gastroesophageal reflux patients with noncardiac chest pain: Emphasis on the role of psychological distress

Table 3 Anxiety and depression in gastroesophageal reflux disease patients with or without chest pain

	GERD without CP (n = 182)	GERD with NCCP (n = 124)	GERD with CCP (n = 52)
HADS Depression, n (%)	72 (39.6)	61 (49.2)	19 (36.5)
(mean ± SD)	6.41 ± 4.76	7.00 ± 4.49	6.17 ± 4.05
HADS Anxiety, n (%)	48 (26.4)	54 (43.5)a	24 (46.2)a
(mean ± SD)	4.72 ± 4.13	6.86 ± 4.64b	6.35 ± 4.06b
HADS Depression and Anxiety, n (%)	45 (24.7%)	49 (39.5%)a	23 (44.3%)a

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01, GERD with NCCP, with CCP vs GERD without CP. CCP: Cardiac chest pain; CP: Chest pain; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; NCCP: Noncardiac chest pain.