Early complications after interventions in patients with acute pancreatitis

Table 2 Characteristics and outcomes of patients with necrosectomy n (%)

Characteristics	Outcomes
Demographics
Age (yr)	46 (21-74)
Male sex	220 (66)
BMI (kg/m2)	28 (19-35)
Etiology
Biliary	167 (50)
Alcoholic	43 (13)
Others	124 (37)
Onset of symptoms to first intervention
< 2 wk	58 (17)
2-4 wk	124 (37)
> 4 wk	152 (46)
Severity of disease
APACHE-II score at admission	8 (2-32)
Marshall score at admission	2 (0-12)
Preoperative Marshall score	2 (0-12)
SIRS at admission	157 (47)
SIRS before operation	177 (53)
Organ failure, n
Single organ failure at any time before surgery	117 (35)
Single organ failure started at first week	71/117
Persistent organ failure	101/117
MOF at any time before surgery	84 (25)
MOF started at first week	46/84
Persistent MOF	70/84
Laboratory parameters
CRP at admission (mg/L)	200 (17-535)
CRP before surgery (mg/L)	151 (8-478)
Preoperative acidosis pH < 7.2	67 (20)
Preoperative basic deficit > 5 mEq/L	120 (36)
Preoperative hypocalcemia (calcium level < 1.87 mmol/L)	148 (44)
Preoperative hypoproteinemia (albumin level < 30 g/L )	171 (51)
Morphological criteria on CECT
Pancreatic necrosis	285 (85)
Extrapancreatic necrosis only	49 (15)
Percentage of necrosis, n
< 30%	161/285
30%-50%	75/285
> 50%	49/285
CTSI before surgery	8(4-10)
Gas bubble signs in the retroperitoneal space	69 (21)
Microbiological data, n
Infected pancreatic necrosis	214 (64)
Escherichia coli	77/214
Enterococcus	64/214
Klebsiella	13/214
Baumanii	19/214
Other bacillus	15/214
Fungal infection	15/214
Staphylococcus	9/214
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	2/214
Preoperative sepsis	107 (32)
Operation data
Type of surgery
PCD	102 (31)
Minimally invasive necrosectomy	50 (16)
Open necrosectomy	182 (53)
ASA classification
I	88 (26)
II	168 (50)
III	78 (24)
Operation time, min	138 (20-360)
Blood transfusion during operation	91 (27)
Blood transfusion on the first day after surgery	79 (23)
Postoperative data
Mortality	53 (16)
Postoperative ICU stay (d)	11 (0-170)
Whole hospital stay (d)	53 (5-220)
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	50 (15)
Colonic fistula	68 (20)
Progressive infection	87 (26)

BMI: Body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; APACHE: Acute physiology and chronic health examination; ICU: Intensive care unit; CRP: C-reactive protein; MOF: Multiple organ failure; CECT: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography; CTSI: Computed tomography severity index; SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; PCD: Percutaneous catheter drainage.