Healthcare and economic impact of diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome

Table 2 Annual unadjusted healthcare utilization and costs in patients with carcinoid syndrome, stratified by evidence of non-infectious diarrhea

	With non-infectious diarrhea	Without non-infectious diarrhea	P value
	n = 534	n = 2288
Overall healthcare utilization
Patients with hospitalizations	265 (49.6)	907 (39.6)	< 0.001
Average LOS among hospitalized patients (d)	11.6 ± 13.4	8.0 ± 9.2	< 0.001
Patients with ED visits	201 (37.6)	479 (20.9)	< 0.001
Outpatient physician visits	25.5 ± 18.4	18.7 ± 15.8	< 0.001
CS-related utilization1
Patients with hospitalizations	73 (13.7)	165 (7.2)	< 0.001
Average LOS among hospitalized patients (d)	7.4 ± 7.1	5.5 ± 3.6	0.029
Patients with ED visits	59 (11.0)	101 (4.4)	< 0.001
Outpatient physician visits	6.9 ± 7.8	4.1 ± 6.1	< 0.001
Healthcare costs (USD)
Total costs	82032 ± 90181.7	51621 ± 63890.8	< 0.001
Total medical costs	74654 ± 86742.3	47083 ± 61214.0	< 0.001
Total pharmacy costs	7378 ± 13949.8	4538 ± 10314.2	< 0.001

¹Claims with primary diagnosis of CS, CS-related syndrome, or carcinoid tumor progression. Data are expressed as absolute numbers (percentage) or mean ± SD. All costs were adjusted to 2012 United States dollars using the medical care components of the Consumer Price Index. CS: Carcinoid syndrome; ED: Emergency department; LOS: Length of stay.