Clinical features of acute hepatitis E super-infections on chronic hepatitis B

Table 5 Previous comorbidities, chronic hepatitis B related status and disease severity for co-infected non-cirrhotic patients n (%)

Characteristic	Non-cirrhotic (n = 134)	Severe (n = 38)	Mild (n = 96)	P value
Baseline characteristics
Age (yr) (Q1-Q3)	44 (35-53.3)	47.5 (36-56.3)	44 (32.5-53)	0.167
Male sex	93 (69.4)	30 (80.0)	63 (65.6)	0.131
Alcohol	37 (27.6)	18 (47.4)	19 (19.8)	< 0.010
Smoker	42 (31.3)	16 (42.1)	26 (27.1)	0.091
Potential hepatoxic medications	18 (13.4)	9 (23.7)	9 (9.4)	< 0.050
Pre-existing comorbidities
Hypertension	13 (9.7)	4 (10.5)	9 (9.4)	0.986
Diabetes	15 (11.2)	9 (23.7)	6 (6.3)	< 0.050
Respiratory diseases	9 (6.7)	3 (7.9)	6 (6.3)	0.713
Kidney diseases	10 (7.5)	8 (21.1)	2 (2.1)	< 0.010
Extrahepatic tumors	2 (1.5)	1 (2.6)	1 (1.0)	0.488
Other liver diseases	24 (17.9)	6 (15.8)	18 (18.8)	0.687
HBeAg positive	65 (48.5)	11 (29.0)	54 (56.3)	< 0.010
HBV DNA positivity	98 (73.1)	29 (76.3)	69 (71.9)	0.601
HBV DNA < 500 IU/mL	36 (26.9)	9 (23.7)	27 (28.1)	0.556
500 ≤ HBV DNA < 5 × 105 IU/mL	36 (26.9)	18 (47.4)	18 (18.8)	< 0.010
HBV DNA ≥ 5 × 105 IU/mL	62 (46.3)	11 (29.0)	51 (53.1)	< 0.050
Pre-anti-HBV therapy	12 (9)	2 (5.3)	10 (10.4)	0.508
Effective	3 (2.2)	1 (2.6)	2 (2.1)	0.991
Post-anti-HBV therapy	30 (22.4)	10 (26.3)	20 (20.8)	0.493

Data are presented as median (Q1-Q3) or number of patients (%). P value was derived from comparisons between mild and severe cases. The severe cases included patients with liver failure, liver decompensation or both; The remaining were regarded as mild cases. Respiratory diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, phthisis; Kidney diseases: kidney stone, renal cyst, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic glomerulonephritis; Other liver diseases: chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, autoimmune liver diseases, schistosomiasis, primary hepatic carcinoma, hepatic cyst, hepatic hemangioma. Pre-anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy consisted of nucleos/tide analogues for more than 3 mo before the disease onset; Post-anti-HBV therapy consisted of IFNα within 3 mo from the disease onset; Therapeutic efficacy was defined as HBV DNA reduction by 2 log after stable antiviral treatment for 3 mo.