Clinical features of acute hepatitis E super-infections on chronic hepatitis B

Table 3 Previous comorbidities, chronic hepatitis B-related status and disease severity for co-infected cirrhotic patients n (%)

	Cirrhotic	Severe	Mild	P value
	(n = 94)	(n = 73)	(n = 21)
Baseline characteristics
Age (yr) (Q1-Q3)	55 (44.8-62.3)	56 (45.5-62.5)	52 (38-62)	0.254
Male sex	74 (78.7)	61 (83.6)	13 (61.9)	0.065
Smoker	30 (31.9)	27 (37)	3 (14.3)	< 0.050
Alcohol	37 (39.4)	31 (42.5)	6 (28.6)	0.251
Potential hepatoxic medications	8 (8.5)	8 (11)	0	0.192
Pre-existing comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	12 (12.8)	8 (11)	4 (19.1)	0.456
Diabetes	10 (10.6)	9 (12.3)	1 (4.8)	0.448
Respiratory diseases	4 (4.3)	4 (5.5)	0	0.572
Kidney diseases	10 (10.6)	9 (12.3)	1 (4.8)	0.448
Other liver diseases	24 (25.5)	21 (28.8)	3 (14.3)	0.180
HBeAg positivity	32 (34)	22 (30.1)	10 (47.6)	0.136
HBV DNA positivity	69 (73.4)	52 (71.2)	17 (81)	0.374
HBV DNA < 500 IU/mL	25 (26.6)	21 (28.8)	4 (19.1)	0.374
500 ≤ HBV DNA < 5 × 105 IU/mL	31 (33)	22 (30.1)	9 (42.9)	0.275
HBV DNA ≥ 5 × 105 IU/mL	38 (40.4)	30 (41.1)	8 (38.1)	0.805
Pre-anti-HBV therapy	27 (28.7)	19 (26)	8 (38.1)	0.281
Effective	11 (11.7)	9 (12.3)	2 (9.5)	0.982
Post-anti-HBV therapy	40 (42.6)	34 (46.6)	6 (28.6)	0.141

Data are presented as median (Q1-Q3) or number of patients (%). The severe cases included patients with liver failure, liver decompensation or both; The remaining were regarded as mild cases. Respiratory diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, phthisis; Kidney diseases: kidney stone, renal cyst, chronic renal insufficiency, chronic glomerulonephritis; Other liver diseases: chronic hepatitis C, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver, autoimmune liver diseases, schistosomiasis, primary hepatic carcinoma, hepatic cyst, hepatic hemangioma. Pre-anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) therapy consisted of nucleos/tide analogues for more than 3 mo before the disease onset; Post-anti-HBV therapy consisted of IFNα within 3 mo from the disease onset; Therapeutic efficacy was defined as HBV DNA reduction by 2 log after stable antiviral treatment for 3 mo.