Clinical relevance of endoscopic assessment of inflammation in ulcerative colitis: Can endoscopic evaluation predict outcomes?

Table 5 Relapse prediction using advanced imaging techniques

Ref.	Imaging modality	Study characteristics	Results
Watanabe et al[9]	Magnification colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy	Prospective study	70% of patients with mucosal defects identified by MC had a flare up within 12 mo
2009		57 patients with clinical and endoscopic remission were enrolled for MC examination and followed up for 12 mo
Japan
Nishio et al[10]	Magnification colonoscopy with chromoendoscopy	Prospective study	29% of patients relapsed. Significant correlation seen between pit pattern abnormalities and relapse rate.
2006		113 patients with UC in remission were enrolled. Pit pattern in rectal mucosa assessed using MC. Followed up for 12 mo
Japan
Fujiya et al[11]	Magnification colonoscopy	18 patients with UC in remission underwent MC and follow up	7 out of 9 (77.7%) with minute epithelial defect had a flare.
2002
Japan
Kudo et al[46]	NBI	Prospective study	Obscured MVP had good correlation with the histological activity.
2009		157 colonic segments among 30 patients were examined under WLE and NBI
Japan
Jauregui-Amezaga et al[49]	Chromoendoscopy and NBI	Prospective study	27% relapsed during follow up
2014		64 patients with clinical and endoscopic remission for at least 3 mo were included. 1 year follow up.	Neither NBI nor chromoendoscopy predicted relapse
Spain
Osada et al[55]	AFI	Retrospective study	The green component of AFI correlated closely with the inflammatory activity
2011		572 images from 42 patients were correlated with histological activity
Japan

MC: Magnification colonoscopy; MVP: Mucosal vascular pattern; AFI: Autofluorescence imaging; NBI: Narrow band imaging.