Systematic review of prognostic importance of extramural venous invasion in rectal cancer

Table 1 The prevalence of vascular invasion in rectal cancer

Author	Year	No. patients	Study design	No. of pathologists, blinding	Stain	Tumoursite	Elastin stain	No. EMVI +ve pts	Prev VI +ve	EMVI +ve 5 yr survival	Independent prognosticator
Brown et al[29]	1938	170	Retrospective	Unspecified	H + E	Rectum	Yes	104	61%	No 5 yr data	No comment
Dukes et al[30]	1941	689	Prospective	Unspecified	No stain	Rectum	No	107	17%	No 5 yr data	No comment
Seefeld et al[13]	1943	100	Prospective	1, blinded	H + E, Gieson’s	Rectum	Yes	20	20%	5%	No comment
Madison et al[31]	1954	42	Prospective	Unspecified	Brominol, H + E, Gieson’s	Rectum	Yes	19	43%	No 5 yr data	No comment
Carroll[17]	1963	1996	Retrospective	Unspecified	H + E	Rectum	No	240	11.8%	36%	No comment
Khankhanian et al[32]	1977	143	Retrospective	Unspecified	Not stated	Rectum	No	70	19% (BVI + LVI)	Data not usable	EMVI is +ve IPS
Talbot et al[6]	1980	706	Prospective	2, blinded	H + E, elastin	Rectum	Yes	366	52%	33% EMVI+ve	No comment
Rich et al[15]	1983	142	Prospective	1, blinded	H + E	RS/Rectum	No	23	17%	No 5 yr data	No comment
Freedman et al[4]	1984	494	Retrospective	Unspecified	No comment	Rectum	Yes	89	36%	31% EMVI+ve	No comment
Jass et al[16]	1986	447	Prospective	1, blinded	H + E	Rectum	No	116	26% (extramural only)	41% EMVI+ve	EMVI - No IPS
Sasaki et al[33]	1987	774	Retrospective	Unspecified	H + E	Rectum	No	163	21% (extramural only)	No 5 yr data	No comment
Minsky et al[14]	1988	168	Retrospective	1, blinded	H + E, elastin	RS/Rectum	Yes	81	48%	33% EMVI+ve	EMVI - No IPS
Harrison et al[2]	1994	348	Retrospective	2, blinded	H + E, elastin	Rectum	Yes	74	21.2%	21% EMVI+ve	EMVI has IPS
Ptok et al[18]	2006	1043	Retrospective	Unspecified	Not state	Rectum	No	75	9%	80.7% LVI +ve	EMVI - No IPS