Update on occult hepatitis B virus infection

Table 1 Profile of various studies on occult hepatitis B infection in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

Ref.	Years	Study population	OBI
Fukuda et al[52]	1999	65 patients with HCV-related liver disease	34/65 (52.3%)
Kao et al[53]	2002	210 patients with HCV-related liver disease	31/210 (14.8%)
Besisik et al[54]	2003	33 HCV positive patients on hemodialysis	12/33 (36.4%)
Georgiadou et al[55]	2004	187 patients with HCV-related liver disease	49/187
Khattab et al[56]	2005	53 patients with chronic HCV infection	4/53 (7.5%)
Goral et al[57]	2006	50 HCV positive patients on hemodialysis	0/50
Branco et al[43]	2007	46 patients with HCV-related liver disease	9/46 (19.5%)
Toyoda et al[58]	2007	95 HCV positive patients with HCC	2/95 (2.1%)
Shetty et al[59]	2008	44 HCV positive patients with liver cirrhosis	22/44 (50%)
Tamori et al[60]	2009	50 HCV positive patients with HCC	21/50 (42%)
Chen et al[61]	2010	126 patients with chronic HCV infection	6/126 (5%)
Jang et al[62]	2011	32 patients with chronic HCV infection	9/32 (28.1%)
Joukar et al[63]	2012	59 HCV positive patients on hemodialysis	0/59
Vakili Ghartavol et al[64]	2013	50 patients with chronic HCV infection	18/50(36%)
Kishk et al[65]	2014	162 patients with chronic HCV infection	3/162 (1.85%)
Mandour et al[66]	2015	210 patients with chronic HCV infection	53/210 (25.2%)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus.