Review of endoscopic radiofrequency in biliopancreatic tumours with emphasis on clinical benefits, controversies and safety

Table 2 Endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for biliary strictures

Ref.	n	Indication	Stricture length (mm)	Thermokinetics power - time	RF sessions	Technical success	Stricture diameter before RF (mm)	Stricture diameter after RF (mm)	Stent patency (d)	Median survival (mo)	Complications
Pozsár et al[39], 2011	5	Occluded SEMS	15	10 W - 120 s	2 (1-3)	100%	2	4.7	62	-	No complication
		(malignant strictures)							(9-236)
Monga et al[40], 2011	1	CC	15	5 W - 120 s	1	100%	-	-	-	-	No complication
Steel et al[41], 2011	21	16 PC	-	7-10 W	2 (1- 4)	100%	0 (0-1)	4 (3-6)	76%	-	1 hyperamylasemia
		6 Klatskin/intrahepatic CC		120 s					at 90-d FU		2 cholecystitis
											1 rigors
Yoon et al[42], 2012	1	CHD CC	-	7 W - 90 s	2	100%	-	-	-	-	No complication
Mavrogenis et al[43], 2012	1	Intrahepatic adenoma	-	-	-	100%	-	-	-	-	-
Dzeletovic et al[44], 2012	1	Ampullary adenoma	10	1	-	100%	-	-	-	-	CBD stenosis
		with CBD invasion				(Complete ablation)
Sonpal et al[45], 2012	1	Occluded SEMS (Klatskin CC)	-	8 - 10 W	2	100%	-	-	90	-	-
				90 s
Lewis et al[46], 2012	5	4 CC	-	7-10 W	1 (1-2)	100%	-	-	-	-	No complication
		1 colon met.		90 s
Watson et al[47], 2012	3	3 Klatskin CC	2	7-10 W			3	6			No complication
				90 s
Kallis et al[48], 2015	11	Occluded SEMS:	-	-	1	100%	-	-	146	-	No complication
		6 PC/3 CC			(1-2)
		2 liver met
Topazian et al[49], 2013	1	Intrahepatic adenoma		10 W - 90 s	1	100%	-	-	-	-	Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm
						(Complete ablation)
Figueroa-Barojas et al[50], 2013	20	11 CC/7 PC	15.2	7-10 W	-	100%	1.7	5.2	100%		5 pain
		1 IPMN/1 Met.	(3.5-33)	120 s			(0.5-3.4)	(2.6-9)	at 30-d FU		1 mild pancreatitis and cholecystitis
Alis et al[51], 2013	10	CC	20	10 W - 120 s	3 (3-4)	100%	1.5	5	270	-	2 mild pancreatitis
			(20-35)				(1.5-2)	(4-7)	(180-450)
Lui et al[52], 2013	1	Occluded SEMS		10 W - 150 s	1	100%	-	-	60	-	No complication
		(Klatskin CC)
Law et al[53], 2013	2	PC	-	10 W - 120 s	1	100%	-	-	-	-	-
Tal et al[54], 2014	12	2 intrahepatic CC	-	8-10 W	1	100%	-	-	-	8.5	3 hemobilia (2 deaths)
		8 Klatskin IV CC		60-90 s	(1-5)						3 cholangitis
		2 GB can.
		1 gastric Met

CHD: Common hepatic duct; CBD: Common bile duct; CC: Cholangiocarcinoma; PC: Pancreatic cancer; GB: Gallbladder; SEMS: Self-expanding metal stent; Met: Metastasis; FU: Follow-up.