Inflammatory bowel disease in India - Past, present and future

Table 2 Comparative clinical features of inflammatory bowel disease in different countries

Country	India[9]		South East Asia[81,82]		Australia[81,82]
Factors	UC	CD	UC	CD	UC	CD
Median Age (yr)	38.5	35.9	42	34	42	34
Sex (M: F)	1.4:1	1.3:1	1.4:1	1.6:1	1:1.2	1:1.1
Smokers	21.3%	24.2%	6%	11%	8%	10%
Disease location
L1		28.9%		31%		31%
L2		31.4%		24%		24%
L3		39.6%		45%		45%
L4		5.8%		5%		5%
Disease behaviour
B1		76.8%		66%		88%
B2		18.8%		17%		10%
B3		4.4%		19%		2%
Perianal		6.9%		18%		12%
Disease extent
Proctitis	18.3%		37%		32%
Distal colitis	38.8%		32%		27%
Extensive colitis	42.8%		31%		41%
Treatment
5ASA	89.7%	58.4%	68%	49%	86%	71%
Corticosteroids	29.1%	26.9%	21%	42%	50%	67%
Immunosuppressive	29.8%	62.9%	8%	35%	0	14%
Biologics	0	2.2%	1%	5%	0	0
Antibiotic	0	0	25%	19%	0	21%
Probiotics	6.1%	7.6%
Surgery	4.0%	15.2%	1.6%	11.6%	5.9%	14.3%
Positive family history (%)	2.3%	4.6%	31%		17%1
EIM
Joints	33.3%	26.3%	13%1		3.6%1
Backache	31.5%	36.4%	3.3[AS]1
Skin	2.4%	3.4%	4.8%1		3.6%1
Incidence per 105 population	6.07%[8]		0.76%	0.54%	7.33%	14%

¹Present in overall inflammatory bowel disease population. EIM: Extraintestinal manifestations; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; UC: Ulcerative colitis; CD: Crohn’s disease.