Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016.
World J Gastroenterol. Sep 7, 2016; 22(33): 7440-7452
Published online Sep 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7440
Table 1 Rationales of each combination therapy
TreatmentsRationalesConcerns
Checkpoint inhibitor plus cytotoxic agentsEnhance cellular immunityEfficacy may be influenced by timing when cytotoxic agents add
Augment dendritic cell maturationSevere myelosupression may interrupt immune checkpoint therapy
Reduce MDSC and Tregs
Decreases CAF
Combination with checkpoint inhibitorsActivate tumor immunity by different mannarir AE will increase
Provide synergy efficacy even in immune resistant tumor
Checkpoint inhibitor plus T cells stimulate agentsActivate tumor immunity by different mannarSevere AE including cytokine storm may occur
Deactive Tregs
Checkpoint inhibitor plus cancer vaccineIncrease the presentation of taas
Enhance PD-L1 expression
RadiotherapyEnhance cross priming of ctlsOptimal schedule and dose are not established
Enhanse abscopal effect