Changes in cellular mechanical properties during onset or progression of colorectal cancer

Figure 1 Canonical Wnt signaling pathway (reproduced with permission from[95]). the WNT pathway consist of two states, one referred to as “off” state where the small lipid modified Wnt protein does not bind to frizzled receptors (A), the other refereed as to “on state” when Wnt binds to frizzled (B). In the off state a large destruction complex is formed by the APC, Axin and GSk3β proteins. This complex binds to free β-catenin, phosphorylates it, thus triggering its degradation and preventing it from entering the nucleus. In the on-state dishevelled is activated, inhibits the formation of the destruction complex and leads to an abundance of cytoplasmic β-catenin, some of which enters the nucleus, binds with TCF, leading to cell proliferation.