Pancreatic cancer: Open or minimally invasive surgery?

Table 1 Safety and feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy: Clinical cohorts of minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy and open pancreaticoduodenectomy including comparative results

Ref.	Year	Country	Technique	Cases	Operating time, min	EBL, mL	LHS, D	CD≥III	PF	DGE	Readmission rate	Mortality
Sharp et al[21]	2015	United States	LPD	384	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	5.0%	5.2% (30 D)
			OPD	4037	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	9.0%	3.7% (30 D)
Song et al[16]	2015	SouthKorea	LPPPD	93	482.5 ± 117.6	609 ± 375	14.3 ± 7.8	7.5%	6 (6.5)	3.2%	5 (5.4)	NR
			OPPPD	93	347.9 ± 87.2	570 ± 448	19.2 ± 8.8	5.4%	6 (6.5)	7.5%	3 (3.2)	NR
Chen et al[34]	2015	China	RPD	60	410 ± 103	400 (200-600)	20 ± 7.4	11.7%	13.3%	8.3%	NR	1.7%
			OPD	120	323 ± 80	500 (350-800)	25 ± 11.2	13.3%	24.9%	15.0%	NR	2.5%
Dokmak et al[24]	2015	France	LPD	46	342 (240-540)	368 (50-1200)	25 (6-104)	28.0%	48.0%	17.0%	9.0%	2.0%
			OPD	46	264 (120-400)	293 (50-1200)	23 (7-115)	20.0%	41.0%	15.0%	9.0%	0
Baker et al[31]	2015	United States	RPD	22	454 (294-529)	425 (50-2200)	7 (4-25)	13.6%	4.6%	13.6%	22.7%	0
			OPD	49	364 (213-948)	650 (150-6100)	9 (5-48)	20.4%	12.2%	30.6%	29.8%	4.1%
Tran et al[74]	2015	United States	LPD	681	NR	NR	12 (9-20)	NR	NR	NR	NR	3.8%
			OPD	14893	NR	NR	11 (8-16)	NR	NR	NR	NR	5.0%
Tan et al[75]	2015	China	LPD	30	513.17 ± 56.13	NR	9.97 ± 3.74	NR	10/30	2/30	NR	0
			OPD	30	371.67 ± 85.53	NR	11.87 ± 4.72	NR	6/30	3/30	NR	1/30
Adam et al[32]	2015	United States	MIPD	983	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	4.8%	NR
			OPD	6078	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	3.7%	NR
Chalikonda et al[33]	2014	United States	HPD	30	476.00	485	9.79	30.0%	NR	NR	NR	4.0%
			OPD	30	366.48	775	13.26	43.0%	NR	NR	NR	0
Bao et al[76]	2014	United States	RPD	28	431 (340-628)	100 (50-300)	7.4 (5.5-17.1)	NR	29.0%	NR	25.0%	7.0% (90 D)
			OPD	28	410 (190-621)	300 (100-800)	8.1 (6.5-15.3)	NR	29.0%	NR	25.0%	7.0% (90 D)
Croome et al[20]	2014	United States	LPD	108	379.4 ± 93.5	492.4 ± 519.3	6 (4-118)	5.6% (≥ IIIb)	11% (B/C)	9% (B/C)	NR	1.0% (I H)
			OPD	214	387.6 ± 91.8	866.7 ± 733.7	9 (5-73)	13.6% (≥ IIIb)	12% (B/C)	18% (B/C)	NR	2.0% (I H)
Speicher et al[77]	2014	United States	LPD	25	381 (342-465)	200 (100-425)	8.5 (7-11.2)	NR	16% (B/C)	NR	30.4%	0 (30 D)
			HPD	31	442 (386.5-486.5)	600 (312.5-700)	12 (8.5-18.5)	NR	35.5%	NR	35.5%	3.2%(30 D)
			OPD	84	425.5 (345.8-478.8)	425 (300-700)	10 (8-14)	NR	22.6%	NR	39.3%	1.2% (30 D)
Asbun et al[11]	2012	United States	LPD	53	541 ± 88	195 ± 136	8.0 ± 3.2	NR	16.7%	11.3%	NR	5.7% (100 D)
			OPD	215	401 ± 108	1032 ± 1151	12.4 ± 8.5	NR	17.3%	15.3%	NR	8.8% (100 D)
Lai et al[28]	2012	China	RPD	20	491.5 ± 94.0	247 (50-889)	13.7 ± 6.1	NR	35.0%	5%	NR	0%
			OPD	67	264.9 ± 63.7	774.8 (50-8000)	25.8 ± 23.1	NR	17.9%	11.9%	NR	3%

CD: Clavien-Dindo; DGE: Delayed gastric emptying; EBL: Estimated blood loss; HPD: Hybrid pancreaticoduodenectomy; LHS: Length of hospital stay; LPD: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy; LPPPD: Laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; MIPD: Minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy; NR: Not reported; OPD: Open pancreaticoduodenectomy; OPPPD: Open pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy; PF: Pancreatic fistula; RPD: Robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy.