Pleiotropic effects of statins in the diseases of the liver

Table 1 Risk of overall and individual cancer with statin or metformin use in hepatitis B virus patients[96]

All group (n = 71824)	No. of patients	Nonuser(n = 53037)	Only-metformin(n = 4774)	Only-statin(n = 8861)	M + S(n = 5152)
		Adjusted HR (95%CI)	Adjusted HR(95%CI)	Adjusted HR(95%CI)	Adjusted HR(95%CI)
Total cancer	5434	1	1.03 (0.94-1.14)	0.60 (0.55-0.66)d	0.46 (0.40-0.52)d
Liver cancer	1735	1	1.25 (1.06-1.47)b	0.34 (0.27-0.42)d	0.35 (0.27-0.45)d
Nonliver cancer	3699	1	0.94 (0.83-1.06)	0.72 (0.65-0.80)d	0.50 (0.44-0.58)d
Lung cancer	439	1	0.91 (0.66-1.26)	0.51 (0.37-0.70)d	0.49 (0.34-0.71)d
Stomach cancer	144	1	0.77 (0.42-1.42)	0.59 (0.35-1.00)a	0.31 (0.14-0.69)b
Colorectal cancer	572	1	1.14 (0.85-1.53)	0.84 (0.65-1.09)	0.51 (0.35-0.75)d
Esophagus cancer	93	1	1.19 (0.61-2.31)	0.38 (0.17-0.86)a	0.30 (0.11-0.87)a
Pancreatic cancer	127	1	1.33 (0.74-2.41)	0.73 (0.40-1.31)	0.70 (0.34-1.43)
Prostate cancer	225	1	0.94 (0.59-1.50)	0.77 (0.51-1.15)	0.63 (0.37-1.05)
Breast cancer	288	1	0.80 (0.47-1.32)	0.91 (0.63-1.33)	0.56 (0.33-0.95)a
Cervical cancer	105	1	0.70 (0.31-1.58)	0.67 (0.35-1.25)	0.28 (0.10-0.79)a
Other cancers	1706	1	0.91 (0.76-1.09)	0.51 (0.42-0.64)d	0.75 (0.65-0.88)d

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^dP < 0.001 vs control. Adjusted HR is adjusted for baseline propensity score. HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HR: Hazard ratio; M: Metformin; S: Statin.