Alpha-fetoprotein-targeted reporter gene expression imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Reporter gene expression imaging with tumor-specific enhancers/promoters

Enhancer/promoter	Reporter gene(delivery method)	Imaging modality	Targeted tumor	Ref.
Survivin	hNIS (adenovirus)	Gamma camera	Ectopic xenograft	Huang et al[10]
			PC-3 (prostate cancer)
			HepG2 (hepatoma)
			A375 (melanoma)
	fLuc (adenovirus)	Bioluminescent imaging	Orthotopic xenograft	Ahn et al[11]
			McA-RH7777 (rat hepatoma)
Mucin-1	fLuc (adenovirus)	Bioluminescent imaging	Ectopic xenograft (metastasis)	Huyn et al[12]
			KPL-1 (breast cancer)
Hepatocarcinoma-intestine-pancreas (HIP)	NIS (adenovirus)	SPECT-CT	DEN-induced HCC (rat)	Hervé et al[13]
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)	fLuc/HSV1-sr39tk (adenovirus)	Bioluminescent imaging/ PET	Ectopic xenograft	Iyer et al[14]
			LNCaP (prostate cancer)	Jiang et al[15]
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)	HSV1-tk (adenovirus)	Gamma camera	Ectopic xenograft	Qiao et al[16]
			MOD (murine breast cancer)
	hNIS (adenovirus)	Gamma camera	Ectopic xenograft	Spitzweg et al[17]
			TT (medullary thyroid cancer)
Progression elevated gene (PEG)-3	fLuc/HSV1-tk (plasmid)	Bioluminescent imaging/ SPECT-CT	Ectopic xenograft (metastasis)	Bhang et al[18]
			MeWo (melanoma)
			MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer)
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)	hNIS (plasmid)	SPECT-CT	Ectopic xenograft	Kim et al[19]
			Hep3B (hepatoma)
	GFP (lentivirus)	Fluorescence imaging	Ectopic xenograft	Yu et al[20]
			HepG2 (hepatoma)
			SGC-7901 (gastric cancer)
			SW480 (colon cancer)

fLuc: Firefly luciferase; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; hNIS: Human sodium iodide symporter; HSV1-TK: Herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase; PET: Positron emission tomography; SPECT-CT: Single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography.