Gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Table 1 Gut pathology in Parkinson’s disease

Distribution of gut pathology	Pathology spreading from the gut	Gut microbiota
Rostrocaudal gradient of α-synuclein pathology	Crossing the gut barrier	Modulation of gut-brain axis
Place of colon and vermiform appendix	Dual-hit hypothesis	Helicobacter pylori and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
	Prion-like propagation	Clinical phenotypic correlation