Technical feasibility of laparoscopic extended surgery beyond total mesorectal excision for primary or recurrent rectal cancer

Table 1 Published series involving at least 10 patients with advanced low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic or robotic lateral pelvic lymph node dissection

Study	Year	No. of patients	Preoperative chemoradio-therapy	Median operative time, min (range)	Median blood loss, mL (range)	Median number of retrieved lateral lymph nodes (range)	Percent with positive lateral pelvic lymph nodes	Percent converted to open surgery	Overall morbidity rate
Liang et al[25]	2011	34	100%	58 (42-94) for unilateral LPLD	44 (20-240) for unilateral LPLD	6 (2-14)	71%	NR	21%
Konishi et al[26]	2011	14	100%	413 (277-596)	25 (5-1190)	23 (14-33)2	57%	0%	36%
Park et al[27]	2011	163	56%	310 (220-510)1	188 (50-370)1	9 (3-19)	56%	0%	31%
Liu et al[28]	2011	68	NR	271 (SD 31)1	150 (SD 50)1	2312	7%	NR	7%
Obara et al[29]	2012	12	0%	678 (556-778)	155 (10-613)	17	8%	NR	NR
Bae et al[30]	2014	214	86%	396 (170-581)	200 (50-700)	7 (2-23)	0%	0%	29%
Furuhata et al[31]	2014	18	0%	604 (473-746)1	380 (10-930)1	17 (7-27)1	28%	0%	17%
Kagawa et al[32]	2015	505	12%	476 (320-683)	27 (5-690)	19 (5-47)	20%	0%	14%

¹Mean;

² Total retrieved lymph nodes;

³Including two patients who underwent robotic surgery;

⁴Including 11 patients who underwent robotic surgery;

⁵All via robotic surgery. LPLD: Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection; NR: Not reported.