Lymph node dissection in esophageal carcinoma: Minimally invasive esophagectomy vs open surgery

Table 5 Comparison of lymph node metastatic rates according to pathological T stage

		pTis, T1-4		P value	χ2	pTis, T1-2		P value	χ2
		Open (n = 324)	MIE (n = 123)			Open (n = 69)	MIE (n = 112)
Upper mediastinum	R-RLN	71	10	0.001	11.416	6	9	0.876	0.024
	L-RLN	30	4	0.032	4.578	7	4	0.0452
	Upper para-esophagus	40	2	0.001	12.034	1	2	0.9992
Subcarinal and parabronchial	Subcarinal	36	11	0.505	0.445	5	8	0.979	0.001
	Left and right parabronchial	30	11	0.918	0.011	5	9	0.847	0.037
Mid and low para-esophagus and diaphragm	Mid and lower para-esophagus	59	10	0.008	6.939	6	9	0.876	0.024
	Diaphragm	3	1	0.910	0.013	1	1	0.9991
Intraperitoneal	Para-cardial	42	13	0.426	0.634	8	12	0.854	0.034
	Lesser gastric curvature	15	0			3	0	0.0421
	Left gastric artery	51	13	0.163	1.944	8	13	0.998	0.001

¹The Fisher's exact test;

²The χ² test. LNM rate = number of patients with positive lymph nodes/number of total patients. LNM: Lymph node metastatic; RLN: Recurrent laryngeal nerve; MIE: Minimally invasive esophagectomy.