Influence of antibiotic-regimens on intensive-care unit-mortality and liver-cirrhosis as risk factor

Table 2 Site of infection and types of microorganisms in culture-positive infected patients n (%)

	All patients with infection (n = 1042)	Appropriate therapy (n = 948)	Inappropriate therapy (n = 94)	P value
Site of primary infection
Respiratory tract	716 (68.7)	658 (69.4)	58 (61.7)	0.12
Abdomen/GIT	49 (4.7)	46 (4.9)	3 (3.2)	> 0.20
Renal/urinary tract	33 (3.2)	32 (3.4)	1 (1.1)	> 0.20
Skin	13 (1.2)	13 (1.4)	0	> 0.20
CNS	12 (1.2)	10 (1.1)	2 (2.1)	> 0.20
Endocarditis	26 (2.5)	24 (2.5)	2 (2.3)	> 0.20
Bloodstream	5 (0.5)	5 (0.5)	0	> 0.20
Others	35 (3.4)	33 (3.5)	2 (2.1)	> 0.20
Sepsis	207 (19.8)	179 (18.9)	28 (29.8)	0.011
Sites with detection of microorganism
Respiratory tract	400 (38.4)	345 (36.4)	55 (58.5)	0.000026
Gastrointestinal	215 (20.6)	184 (19.4)	31 (33.0)	0.0019
Bloodstream	156 (15.0)	130 (13.7)	26 (27.7)	0.00030
Renal/urinary tract	185 (17.8)	155 (16.4)	30 (31.9)	0.000165
Skin	174 (16.7)	145 (15.3)	29 (30.9)	0.00012
Catheter-related	51 (4.9)	39 (4.1)	12 (12.8)	0.00021
CNS	10 (1.0)	10 (1.1)	0	> 0.20
Others	87 (8.4)	70 (7.4)	17 (18.1)	0.00055
Culture-positive	697 (66.9)	606 (63.9)	91 (69.8)	< 0.000001
Gram-positive isolates	473 (45.4)	400 (42.2)	73 (77.7)	< 0.000001
S. aureus	187 (17.9)	171 (18.0)	16 (17.0)	> 0.20
MRSA	45 (4.3)	31 (3.3)	14 (14.9)	< 0.000001
S. epidermidis	17 (1.6)	15 (1.6)	2 (2.1)	> 0.20
S. pneumoniae	16 (1.5)	12 (1.3)	4 (4.3)	0.025
VSE	93 (8.9)	67 (7.1)	26 (27.7)	< 0.000001
VRE	91 (8.7)	68 (7.2)	23 (24.5)	< 0.000001
Others	172 (16.5)	138 (14.5)	34 (36.2)	< 0.000001
Gram-negative isolates	368 (35.3)	320 (33.8)	48 (51.1)	0.00081
E. coli	99 (9.5)	89 (9.4)	10 (10.6)	> 0.20
Enterobacter spp.	45 (4.3)	39 (4.1)	6 (6.4)	> 0.20
Klebsiella spp.	56 (5.4)	49 (5.2)	7 (7.4)	> 0.20
Pseudomonas spp.	93 (8.9)	79 (8.3)	14 (14.9)	0.033
Acinetobacter spp.	10 (1.0)	5 (0.5)	5 (5.3)	0.0000055
ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae	42 (4.0)	37 (3.9)	5 (5.3)	> 0.20
Others	148 (14.2)	122 (12.8)	26 (27.7)	0.00099
Other bacteria	17 (1.6)	11 (1.2)	6 (6.4)	0.00014
Fungi	484 (46,5)	421 (40,4)	63 (6,1)	0.00028
Candia albicans	406 (39.0)	359 (37.9)	47 (50)	0.021
Other Candida spp.	197 (18.9)	165 (17.4)	32 (3.4)	0.010
C. glabrata	128 (12.3)	108 (11.4)	20 (21.3)
C. tropicalis	39 (3.7)	33 (3.5)	6 (6.4)
C. krusei	17 (1.6)	13 (1.4)	4 (4.3)
Others	13 (1.3)	11 (1.2)	2 (2.1)
Aspergillus spp.	27 (2.6)	8 (0.8)	19 (20.2)	< 0.000001
Pneumocystis jiroveci	14 (1.3)	4 (0.4)	10 (10.6)	< 0.000001
Other fungi	10 (1.0)	10 (1.1)	0	> 0.20
Parasites	1 (0.1)	1 (0.1)	0	0.00072
Multiresistant-bacteria	235 (22.6)	180 (19.0)	55 (58.5)	< 0.000001
MRSA	45 (4.3)	31 (3.3)	14 (14.9)
VRE	91 (8.7)	68 (7.2)	23 (24.5)
ESBL-producing	42 (4.0)	37 (3.9)	5 (5.3)
Enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas spp.	16 (1.5)	14 (1.5)	2 (2.2)
Stenotrophomonas spp.	19 (1.8)	12 (1.3)	7 (7.4)
Acinetobacter spp.	3 (0.29)	1 (0.1)	2 (2.2)
Others	21 (2.01)	19 (2.0)	2 (2.2)

Appropriate therapy: Patients who received appropriate antimicrobial-therapy; Inappropriate therapy: Patients who received inappropriate antimicrobial-therapy; GIT: Gastrointestinal tract; CNS: Central nervous system; VSE: Vancomycin-sensitive Enterococcus; VRE: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; ESBL: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing bacteria; MRSA: Methicilline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.