Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma co-occurring with hepatitis C virus infection: A mathematical model

Table 2 Levels of the studied serological markers in different investigated groups

	HCC (n = 192)	Cirrhotic (n = 96)	Non-Cirrhotic (n = 96)	Control (n = 95)	P value
Proteosome,
median	0.8a	0.17b	0.4c	0.16d	< 0.001
mean ± SD	0.91 ± 0.6	0.25 ± 0.25	0.68 ± 0.58	0.18 ± 0.3
range	0.13-1.87	0.12-1.67	0.09-1.83	0.01-2.22
IL-8,
median	107a	55a	36.5b	47b	< 0.001
mean ± SD	518.19 ± 656.23	552.9 ± 732.2	283.76 ± 442.7	238.8 ± 431.6
range	14-1837	14-1811	8-1734	3-1719
sICAM-1,
median	1072.5a	892b	510.5c	473c	< 0.001
mean ± SD	1034.73 ± 372.7	978.17 ± 540.17	570 ± 287	493 ± 188
range	79-2419	31-2838	46-1654	37-1078
sTNF-RII,
median	6785a	7011.5b	5948.5c	3190.5d	< 0.001
mean ± SD	7058.31 ± 1338.78	6984.5 ± 626.8	5456 ± 1531.7	3400 ± 1519
range	3250-12776	4351-9919	1772-9403	495-7157
β-catenin,
median	10.1a	7.95b	7.85b	6.8c	< 0.001
mean ± SD	11.26 ± 5.49	9.34 ± 5.13	8.81 ± 4.07	7.5 ± 3.2
range	4.3-55.4	5.0-49.2	3.8-41.6	4.3-28.4

^a-dGroups bearing different initials are significantly different. IL-8: Interleukin-8; sTNF-RII: Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II; sICAM-1: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1.