Early enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition following pancreaticoduodenectomy: Experience from a single center

Table 1 General characteristics, comorbidities, and preoperative lab tests n (%)

	EEN + PN (n = 87)	TPN (n = 253)	P value
Sex (male)	43 (49.4)	155 (61.3)	0.053
Age (yr)	58 ± 1.5	58 ± 0.7	0.757
Smoking pack-years (≥ 20)	11 (12.6)	27 (10.7)	0.724
Alcoholic abuse	8 (9.2)	41 (16.2)	0.273
BMI	25.8 ± 4.9	25.5 ± 5.3	0.845
Body weight loss (n)
> 10%	27 (31.0)	86 (34.0)	0.426
Comorbidities
CAD	5 (5.7)	14 (5.5)	0.975
Hypertension	16 (18.4)	43 (17.0)	0.745
Diabetes mellitus	9 (10.3)	25 (9.9)	0.838
COPD	3 (7.0)	14 (5.5)	0.247
ASA classification ≥ 3	53 (60.9)	149 (58.9)	0.461
Hemoglobin (g/L)	118.3 ± 1.8	121.0 ± 1.0	0.194
Leukocytes (× 109/L)	7.0 ± 0.3	6.6 ± 0.2	0.227
Platelet (× 109/L)	217.8 ± 7.9	206.1 ± 5.0	0.224
Total bilirubin (μmol/L)	147.1 ± 16.3	144.6 ± 8.6	0.882
Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)	144.8 ± 14.7	151.5 ± 10.8	0.741
Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)	122.2 ± 12.6	130.7 ± 10.8	0.622
Albumin (ng/mL)	43.7 ± 7.3	39.0 ± 1.6	0.345
Prothrombin time (s)	12.6 ± 0.1	12.8 ± 0.1	0.274
Fibronectin	4.5 ± 0.1	4.3 ± 0.1	0.253
Carcinoembryonic antigen (U/mL)	12.8 ± 1.9	3.7 ± 0.2	0.960
CA-125 (U/mL)	22.6 ± 2.2	26.5 ± 3.7	0.516
CA19-9 (U/mL)	657.4 ± 197.8	844.3 ± 236.3	0.645

BMI: Body mass index; EEN: Early postoperative enteral nutrition; PN: Parenteral nutrition; TPN: Total parenteral nutrition; CAD: Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; ASA: The American Society of Anesthesiologists.