Novel and safer endoscopic cholecystectomy using only a flexible endoscope via single port

Figure 2 In vivo two dogs’ experiments. A: Under general anesthesia, only 1 port (12 mm in diameter) was inserted using an open technique; B: A flexible endoscope with a tip attachment was inserted between the fundus of gallbladder (blue arrow) and liver (red arrow), and a layer of loose connective tissue was opened (yellow arrow); C: Complete dissection (yellow arrow) of the gallbladder bed (blue arrow) from liver (red arrow); D: One side of the ring-shaped thread was clipped to the fundus of the gallbladder and the other to the abdominal wall (yellow arrow).