Evidence-based medical oncology and interventional radiology paradigms for liver-dominant colorectal cancer metastases

Table 7 Highlights of yttrium-90 radioembolization literature for colorectal liver metastases

Ref.	Level of evidence	Year	Study details	Median OS	Median PFS
				(mo)	(mo)
Kennedy et al[86]	II-2	2006	Phase II Prospective study	10.5
			208 patients
Sharma et al[130]	II-2	2007	Phase I, 20 patients		9.3
			No prior chemotherapy SIRT + FOLFOX4		(14.2 if had only liver-confined disease)
			SIR-Spheres only
Benson et al[131]	II-2	2013	Phase II Prospective study	8.8	2.9
			151 patients (61 colorectal)
			Theraspheres only
Lewandowski et al[132]	II-2	2014	Phase II Prospective study	10.6
			214 patients
			Theraspheres only
Sofocleous et al[133]	II-2	2014	Phase I, 19 patients	14.9	5.2
			Prior hepatic arterial and peripheral chemotherapy
			SIR-Spheres only
Gray et al[87]	I	2001	Phase III Randomized controlled trial	17 vs 15.9	15.9 vs 9.7
			74 patients	(P = 0.18)	(P = 0.001)
			First-line SIRT +/- Regional chemotherapy		Liver PFS
			46 patients
Van Hazel et al[90]	I	2004	Phase II Randomized Controlled trial	29.4 vs 11.8	11.5 vs 4.6
			21 patients	(P = 0.008)	(P < 0.004)
			First-line SIRT +/- 5-FU/LV
Hendlisz et al[134]	I	2010	Phase III Randomized controlled trial	10 vs 7.3	5.5 vs 2.1 (P = 0.001)
			First-Line SIRT +/- 5-FU	(P = 0.8)
SIRFLOX[135]	I	Ongoing	Phase III Randomized controlled trial
			Primary Endpoint: Progression free survival
			Size: 532 patients
FOXFIRE[136]	I	Ongoing	Phase III Randomized controlled trial
			Primary Endpoint: Overall survival
			Size: 490 patients
EPOCH[137]	I	Ongoing	Phase III Randomized controlled trial
			Primary Endpoint: Progression free survival