Incidence and psychological-behavioral characteristics of refractory functional dyspepsia: A large, multi-center, prospective investigation from China

Table 1 General characteristics of the study subjects n (%)

Feature	RFD (n = 327)	NRFD (n = 1014)	Healthy volunteers (n = 100)	P value1	P value2
Gender				0.300	0.470
Male	127 (38.8)	427 (42.1)	45 (45.0)
Female	200 (61.2)	587 (57.9)	55 (55.0)
Age group				0.110	0.110
≤ 20 yr	8 (2.4)	39 (3.8)	2 (2.0)
21-30 yr	54 (16.5)	215 (21.2)	24 (24.0)
31-40 yr	84 (25.7)	289 (28.5)	28 (28.0)
41-50 yr	113 (34.6)	294 (29.0)	27 (27.0)
51-60 yr	52 (15.9)	130 (12.8)	17 (17.0)
> 60 yr	16 (4.9)	47 (4.6)	2 (2.0)
Age, yr	41.91 ± 11.30	39.60 ± 11.81	39.83 ± 12.42	0.001	0.780
Subtype
EPS	120 (36.7)	457 (45.1)	-	0.010	-
PDS	94 (28.7)	280 (27.6)	-	0.690	-
EPS + PDS	113 (34.6)	277 (27.3)	-	0.010	-
Duration of disease, (yr)	6.01 ± 2.87	3.76 ± 1.83	-	0.002	-
Severity of disease
Mild	101 (30.9)	459 (45.3)	-	0.001	-
Moderate	148 (45.3)	407 (40.1)	-	0.100	-
Severe	78 (23.9)	148 (14.6)	-	0.003	-

¹Comparison between RFD and NRFD patients;

²Comparison between all functional dyspepsia patients (RFD and NRFD combined) and healthy volunteers. Continuous data were compared across groups using one-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons. Count data were compared across groups using a χ² test. RFD: Refractory functional dyspepsia; NRFD: Non-refractory functional dyspepsia; EPS: Epigastric pain syndrome; PDS: Postprandial distress syndrome.