Assessing cultural competency skills in gastroenterology fellowship training

Table 2 Apologizing for a complication n (%)

Competency areas and specific skills	Distribution of responses n = 11
	Not done	Partly done	Well done
Patient activation
Helped patient understand the cause of health condition	0	3 (27)	8 (73)
Helped patient understand the different available treatment options	0	3 (27)	8 (73)
Helped patient feel able to follow the recommendations or take the next steps	0	4 (36)	7 (63)
Accountability
Disclosed complication directly	0	0	11 (100)
Fully explained the complication	0	0	11 (100)
Personally apologized for this complication	7 (63)	0	4 (36)
Took responsibility for situation and recovery	7 (63)	0	4 (36)
Delivering bad news
Gave opportunity for patient to respond emotionally	0	0	11 (100)
Responded to patient's emotions.	0	0	11 (100)
Shared decision making
Explored patient's beliefs, values, and preferences	0	5 (45)	6 (55)
Engaged patient in the decision making process	0	1 (9)	10 (91)
Allowed for explicitly deferred decision making	0	4 (36)	7 (63)
Assessment
Reassured patient that care is appropriately supervised and executed, established trust	8 (73)	a	3 (27)
Elicited understanding that patient mistrusts system, negotiated trust in future quality of care	10 (91)	a	1 (9)

^aScored by faculty observer as performed or not performed.