Hepatitis C virus NS5A promotes insulin resistance through IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and increased gluconeogenesis

Figure 3 Hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A modulates phosphorylation levels of key insulin signaling molecules. Untransfected and nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) transfected cells were incubated with insulin (100 nmol/L) for 3 h. An equal amount of cellular lysates were subjected to Western blot assay using anti-p-Akt Ser⁴⁷³, anti-p-Akt Thr³⁰⁸ and anti-p-IRS-1 Ser³⁰⁷. Cellular actin was used as an internal control to verify protein loading in each lane. IRS: Insulin receptor substrate.