Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C

Table 4 The studies evaluating the role of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and/or liver tissue in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in surface antigen of hepatitis B virus-negative patients with chronic hepatitis C

First author, year	No. of patients	Country	Type of study	Liver disease	Sample for HBV-DNA detection	HCC, positive/tested, n/n (%)		P value
						OBI+	OBI-
Pollicino 2004[39]	226	Italy	Case-control	CH/cirrhosis/ HCC	Liver	45/101 (44.5)	28/125 (22.4)	< 0.001
Tanaka 2004[80]	93	Japan	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis/ HCC	Serum	25/32 (78.1)	25/61 (41.0)	< 0.001
Hasegawa 2005[87]	140	Japan	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Serum	2/11 (18.2)	16/129 (12.4)	NS
Squadrito 2006[40]	134	Italy	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Liver	8/53 (15.1)	1/81 (1.2)	0.002
Branco 2007[93]	66	Brazil	Cross-sectional	CH/HCC/health controls	Serum/liver1	7/10 (70.0)	13/56 (23.2)	0.029
Adachi 2008[82]	123	Japan	Cohort	Cirrhosis	Serum	6/14 (42.9)	60/109 (55.0)	NS
Matsuoka 2008[68]	468	Japan	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Serum/liver1	29/204 (14.2)	9/264 (3.4)	0.0001
Miura 2008[94]	141	Japan	Cohort	CH	Serum	4/8 (50.0)	29/133 (21.8)	0.0036
Obika 2008[41]	167	Japan	Cohort	CLD	Liver	2/25 (8.0)	10/142 (7.0)	NS
Shetty 2008[42]	44	United States	Cross-sectional	cirrhosis	Liver	12/22 (54.5)	8/22 (36.3)	NS
Lok 2011[43]	83	United States	Case-control	CH/Cirrhosis	Liver	3/16 (18.7)	25/67 (37.3)	NS
Squadrito 2013[69]	94	Italy	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	Liver	13/37 (35.1)	5/57 (8.1)	< 0.01

¹OBI assessed with immunochemistry for HBsAg and/or HBcAg. OBI: Occult HBV infection; CH: Chronic hepatitis; CLD: Chronic liver disease; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.