Role of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C

Table 3 The studies evaluating the role of anti-hepatitis B core in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in surface antigen of hepatitis B virus-negative patients with chronic hepatitis C

First author, year	No. of patients	Country	Type of study	Liver disease	HCC, positive/tested, n/n (%)		P value
					Anti-HBc+	Anti-HBc-
Takano 1995[84]	61	Japan	Cohort	CH	9/36 (25.0)	2/25 (8.0)	NS
Chiba 1996[76]	412	Japan	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	47/198 (23.7)	16/214 (7.5)	0.020
Chiba 1996[77]	204	Japan	Cross-sectional	cirrhosis	92/128 (71.9)	36/76 (47.4)	0.0005
Shiratori 1997[86]	502	Japan	Case-control	CLD	111/263 (42.2)	81/239 (33.9)	NS
IIHCSG 1998[85]	451	Italy	Cohort	CLD	34/206 (16.5)	32/245 (13.1)	NS
Dutta 1999[78]	51	Australia	Case-control	CH/cirrhosis	10/17 (58.8)	7/34 (20.6)	0.010
Marusawa 1999[34]	2366	Japan	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis	363/1047 (34.7)	248/1319 (18.8)	< 0.01
Hiraoka 2003[48]	202	Japan	Case-control	CLD	109/250 (43.6)	93/342 (27.2)	NS
Imazeki 2003[79]	459	Japan	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	37/160 (23.1)	26/299 (8.7)	< 0.05
Hasegawa 2005[87]	140	Japan	Cohort	CH/cirrhosis	9/64 (14.0)	9/76 (11.8)	NS
Tanaka 2006[80]	74	Japan	Cohort	CLD	13/53 (24.5)	0/21 (0.0)	0.012
Bruno 2007[49]	160	Italy	Cohort	Cirrhosis	29/86 (33.7)	25/74 (33.8)	0.390
Ikeda 2007[81]	846	Japan	Cohort	CH/Cirrhosis	130/392 (33.1)	107/454 (23.6)	IRR: 1.03 (0.66-1.56)1
							IRR: 1.58 (1.12-2.22)2
Adachi 2008[82]	123	Japan	Cohort	Cirrhosis	57/96 (59.3)	10/27 (37.0)	0.0039
Alencar 2008[89]	50	Brazil	Cross-sectional	Cirrhosis	5/12 (41.7)	12/38 (31.6)	NS
Miura 2008[94]	141	Japan	Cohort	CH	22/83 (26.5)	11/58 (19.0)	0.700
Ramia 2008[88]	3364	Lebanon	Cross-sectional	CH/cirrhosis/healthy controls	7/408 (1.7)	2/2956 (0.07)	0.507
Stroffolini 2008[47]	693	Italy	Cohort	Cirrhosis	44/303 (14.5)	57/390 (12.0)	0.900
Ohki 2010[90]	1262	Japan	Cohort	CLD	160/522 (30.6)	179/740 (24.2)	0.630
Lok 2011[43]	273	United States	Case-control	CH/Cirrhosis	38/121 (31.4)	53/152 (35.0)	0.540
Reddy 2013[83]	459	United States	Case-control	CLD	95/229 (41.5)	27/230 (11.7)	0.010
Tsubouchi 2013[91]	400	Japan	Cohort	CLD	24/213 (11.3)	14/187 (7.5)	0.280

¹Incidence Rate Ratio for HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis;

²Incidence Rate Ratio for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. CH: Chronic hepatitis; CLD: Chronic liver disease; NS: Not significant; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBc: Hepatitis B core.