Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer

Table 2 MicroRNAs up-regulated in gastric cancer

ncRNA	Summary of findings/clinical relevance	q-PCR	Targets	Roles	Cases	Location	Ref.
miR-23a/b	Implicated in the progression of GC. A potential prognosis marker	√	Unknown	Unknown	160 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[264]
miR-500	Highly correlated with malignant progression and poor survival of GC	√	CYLD, TAX1BP1, OTUD7B	Proliferation, survival and tumorigenicity	10 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[137]
miR-374a	A promising therapeutic target	√	SRCIN1	Proliferation, tumor growth migration and invasion	18 GC tissues vs adjacent tissues	China	[265]
miR-199a-3p	A tumor promoter in GC targeting and inhibition of ZHX1; A potential target for GC prevention and therapy	√	ZHX1	Proliferation and apoptosis	52 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[266]
miR-18a	A potential marker for risk stratification in the management of GC patients	√	PIAS3, STAT3	Unknown	82 patients with GC and 65 healthy controls (plasma)	China	[204]
miR-196a	A potential prognostic marker in GC	√	Unknown	Differentiation and survival	48 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[240]
miR-223, miR-16, miR-100	Up-regulated in serum implicates their potential diagnostic value; Significantly elevated expression of the three miRNAs in advanced GC patients suggests their availability in cancer staging	√	PIAS3	Unknown	50 GC patients and 47 healthy controls (serum)	China	[202]
miR-135a-5p	Play a role in miRNA-135a-5p-AP-2α-BCL-2 pathway providing therapeutic potential for GC and solution for insensitivity of GC to chemotherapy	√	AP-2α	Cell resistance to apoptosis, sensitivity to adriamycin	20 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[267]
miR-199a-5p	SRF/miR-199a-5p/E-cadherin pathway promotes GC EMT and metastasis; A potential therapeutic target or biomarker for GC progression	√	E-cadherin	Adhesion, invasion, and metastasis	7 GC vs pairs adjacent tissues	China	[268]
miR-25	A potential biomarker for the prognosis of GC	√	ERBB2, 1(TOB1)	Migration, invasion and proliferation	33 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[269]
miR-942	A potential drug response biomarker and therapeutic target for TRAIL resistant tumors	√	ISG12a	Apoptosis	28 GC tissues	China	[134]
miR-196a/b	A potential therapeutic target in suppressing GC metastasis	√	Radixin	Metastasis	109 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Taiwan	[172]
miR-19a/b	A member of miR-19a/b facilitating GC cell migration, invasion and metastasis, implicating a novel mechanism for the malignant phenotypes of GC	√	MXD1	Migration and invasion	141 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[173]
miR-423-5p	A potential therapeutic target	√	TFF1	Proliferation and invasion	15 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[270]
miR-183-96-182 cluster	A novel role for GSK3β in the regulation of miR-183-96-182 biogenesis through β-catenin/TCF/ LEF-1 pathway in GC	√	FoxO1	Proliferation and migration	8 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	United States	[83]
miR-215	Influencing cell proliferation by targeting RB1	√	RB1	Proliferation	51 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[271]
miR-17-92 cluster	Cluster including miR-19b, miR-20a and miR-92a associates with the development of GC stem cells; and miR-92a as a potential predictive prognostic marker for miR-92a in GC	√	E2F1, HIPK1	Self-renewal and proliferation	97 GC specimens	China	[272]
miR-296-5p	MiR-296-5p-CDX1-ERK1/2 axis play a role in gastric tumorigenesis; A potential therapeutic target	√	CDX1	Proliferation	16 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[273]
miR-181a	Associated with increased risk and poor survival of GC	√	MTMR3	Unknown	50 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[274]
miR-196a	Contributing to gastric carcinogenesis; A potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor	√	p27	Proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis	36 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[275]
miR-196b	Transcriptionally regulated by ETS2; A potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target	√	AnnexinA1, HOXB8	Migration and invasion	63 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Taiwan	[276]
miR-378	Up-regulated in serum while down-regulated in GC tissues. A potential serum biomarker in GC detection	√	Unknown	Unknown	4 GC vs paired adjacent tissues, 40 GC serum samples vs 41 healthy controls	China	[277]
miR-370	Associated with GC progression by targeting TGFβ-RII	√	TGFβ-RII	Migration	33 GC vs adjacent tissues	Taiwan	[278]
miR-192 miR-215	Exerting cell growth and migration-promoting effects	√	ALCAM	Migration, invasion, proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis	31 non-neoplastic stomach tissues and 25 GC tissues	United States	[279]
miR-200b	A potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker; A potential therapeutic target for peritoneal dissemination	√	Unknown	Migration and invasion	173 GC vs paired normal gastric epithelium tissues	Japan	[280]

GC: Gastric cancer.