Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs in gastric cancer

Table 1 MicroRNAs down-regulated in gastric cancer

ncRNA	Summary of findings/clinical relevance	q-PCR	Targets	Roles	Cases	Location	Ref.
miR-141	Reduced in metastasis positive tissues; Might be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target	√	TAZ	Proliferation, invasion and migration	36 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[223]
miR-874	Reduced miR-874 promotes angiogenesis via STAT3; Might be a therapeutic target	√	STAT3	Tumor growth and angiogenesis	80 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[187]
miR-101	Lower level parallels with EZH2 overexpression	√	EZH2	E-cadherin dysfunction	37 GC vs 5 normal gastric mucosa	Portugal	[224]
miR-103a	Tumor suppressor by targeting c-Myb	√	c-Myb	Proliferation, invasion and migration	80 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[225]
miR-335	Can be silenced by promoter hypermethylation which might be a predictive epigenetic marker and a therapeutic strategy	√	RASA1	Invasion and metastasis	15 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[52]
miR-335	Could be a therapeutic target for GC therapies and a prognostic factor	√	Bcl-w, SP1	Proliferation, invasion and metastasis	70 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[226]
let-7a	A potential target for diagnosis and therapy	√	RAB40C	Proliferation and colony formation	27 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[227]
miR-490-3p	Reduced miR-490-3p reactivates SMARCD1 to confer malignant phenotypes	√	SMARCD1	Growth and metastasis	14 GC vs 15 normal gastric tissues	Hong Kong	[228]
miR-200c/141	Reduced miRNA decreases ZEB1/2 expression and increases E-cadherin expression	√	ZEB1/2	Invasion and migration	64 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[229]
miR-200b /c	Might be a marker of prognosis and therapeutic target	√	DNMT3A, DNMT3B, SP1	Proliferation, invasion and migration	36 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[230]
miR-200	Down-regulated miR-200 reduced E-cadherin expression, playing a role in the carcinogenesis of EBV-associated GC	√	ZEB1, ZEB2	Cell-to-cell adhesion and migration	36 GC vs paired adjacent tissues (EBV-associated and EBV-negative)	Japan	[231]
miR-204-5p	Restoration of miR-204-5p might provide a therapeutic strategy for GC	√	USP47, RAB22A	Proliferation	102 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[232]
miR-367	A key negative regulator of invasion and metastasis of GC; Might be a therapeutic target	√	Rab23	Invasion and migration	37 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[233]
miR-328	MiR-328-mediated CD44 overexpression may associate with the carcinogenesis of GC	√	CD44v9	Survival and proliferation of metaplastic cells	54 patients underwent gastric resection without preoperative treatment	Japan	[181]
miR-328	Macrophages mediated miR-328-CD44 signaling may be a therapeutic target for gastrointestinal cancer	√	CD44	Cell growth and drug resistance	63 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Japan	[234]
miR-495	A tumor suppressor and potential therapeutic target for GC peritoneal metastasis	√	PRL-3	Invasion and metastasis	20 GC vs 10 normal gastric tissues	China	[53]
miR-551a	A tumor suppressor targeting PRL-3 oncogene to inhibit GC cell migration and invasion	√	PRL-3	Invasion and migration	30 malignant vs 4 normal gastric tissues	China	[235]
miR-133b	A potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target	√	FSCN1	Proliferation, invasion and migration	100 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[236]
miR-542-3p	A tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic target	√	AEG-1	Cell growth	22 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[112]
miR-126	Suppresses tumor growth and angiogenesis through targeting VEGF-A; A potential therapeutic target	√	VEGF-A	Tumori-genicity and angiogenesis	68 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[119]
miR-126	May function as a tumor suppressor in GC	√	Crk	Proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion and migration	60 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[237]
miR-29s	Increasing the expression of miR-29s may be a therapeutic strategy for GC	√	AKT2	Invasion	20 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[120]
miR-29c	Reduced miR-29c expression is an early event in GC development; Potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers	√	ITGB1	Proliferation, adhesion, invasion and migration	274 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	South Korea, Japan, United States	[215]
miR-29 family	Might be potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets	√	CCND2, MMP-2	Proliferation apoptosis and invasion	115 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[238]
miR-29c	Might be a tumor suppressor	√	RCC2	Proliferation and colony formation	12 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Japan	[239]
miR-193b	Might be a potential prognostic marker	√	Unknown	Differentiation and survival	48 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[240]
miR-203	Might be a therapeutic target for H. pylori infection induced GC	√	CASK	Proliferation and invasion	50 pairs of H. pylori positive and negative gastric tissues	China	[241]
miR-210	Epigenetic silencing of miR-210 involves in chronic H. pylori infection associated GC	√	STMN1, DIMT1	Proliferation	20 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Japan	[242]
miR-34 family	Plays a role in the control of GC development	√	Yin Yang 1	Growth, colony formation, migration, invasion, and tumorsphere formation	32 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Taiwan	[243]
miR-34b and	Down-regulated by hypermethylation of upstream CpG islands indicating a poor clinical outcome	√	Unknown	Unknown	72 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Taiwan	[244]
miR-129-3p
miR-24	A novel tumor suppressor and a potential therapeutic target	√	RegIV	Proliferation, invasion and migration	63 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[245]
miR-185	Regulating the sensitivity of GC to chemotherapy	√	ARC	Chemotherapeutic sensitivity	25 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[246]
miR-1207-5p and miR-1266	hTERT suppressors in GC and potential therapeutic targets	√	hTERT	Cell growth, cell cycle and invasion	58 GC vs adjacent tissues	China	[108]
miR-365	Playing a role in tumorigenesis; A potential therapeutic target	√	Cyclin D1, cdc25A	Proliferation and colony formation	127 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[105]
miR-760	A potential prognostic predictor and therapeutic target	√	Histone mRNA	Unknown	53 bone marrow samples from stage IV patients vs 52 stage I patients; 22 stage IV GC vs 29 stage I GS tissues	Japan	[247]
miR-143/145	DDX6 contributes to the control of NCR143/145 RNA stability in P-bodies and post-transcriptionally regulated miR-143/145 expression	√	Unknown	Cell survival, proliferation and malignant transformation	14 GC tissues vs paired adjacent tissues	Japan	[84]
miR-206	A potential tumor suppressor and therapeutic target	√	CyclinD2	Proliferation, cell cycle and tumor growth	30 primary GC vs paired distant tissues	China	[248]
miR-204	A potential target for preventive and therapeutic strategies	√	Bcl-2	Migration, colony forming and chemotherapy resistance	92 gastric tumor specimens vs paired adjacent tissues	Italy	[249]
miR-124	A tumor suppressor; Play a role in miRNA-mediated SPHK1 expression	√	SPHK1	Proliferation and tumourigenicity	20 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[117]
miR-409-3p	A tumor suppressor involving the direct targeting and inhibition of PHF10	√	PHF10	Proliferation and apoptosis	67 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[250]
miR-409-3p	Suppresses GC invasion and metastasis by directly targeting RDX; Reduced miR-409-3p is prone to lymph node metastasis	√	RDX	Invasion and migration	90 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[251]
miR-148a	Reduced miR-148a contributes to GC lymph node-metastasis and progression; A potential therapeutic target for GC metastasis	√	ROCK1	Invasion, migration and metastasis	90 GC vs paired normal tissues	China	[252]
miR-148b	A potential biomarker and therapeutic target	√	CCKBR	Proliferation and tumorigenicity	106 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[253]
miR-449	A member of the miR-34 family playing an important role in GC	√	GMNN, MET, CCNE2, SIRT1	Cell cycle, proliferation and induce senescence	10 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Denmark	[254]
miR-486	A tumor-suppressor; Associated with the direct targeting and inhibition of OLFM4	√	OLFM4	Proliferation, invasion and migration	29 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Singapore	[255]
miR-142-5p	A potential predictor of progression and predict recurrence risk for GC	√	MAPK, Wnt, VEGF	Recurrence risk related	65 GC samples	China	[256]
miR-125a-5p	Reduced miR-125a-5p is associated with enhanced malignant potential; A potential prognostic marker	√	ERBB2	Proliferation	87 GC samples	Japan	[257]
miR-516a-3p	An anti-metastamir with therapeutic potential in blocking metastatic dissemination of GC	√	SULF1	Proliferation, invasion and migration	8 normal stomach tissues, 12 GC tissues from the patients with peritoneal dissemination and 12 GC tissues without peritoneal dissemination	Japan	[258]
miR-181c	Silenced through methylation playing important roles in gastric carcinogenesis	√	NOTCH4, and KRAS	Proliferation	16 GC surgical specimens vs paired non-cancerous counterparts	Japan	[259]
miR-212	Reduced miR-212 may be related to gastric carcinogenesis	√	MECP2	Proliferation	11 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Japan	[260]
miR-338-3p	MiR-338-3p inhibits the EMT progression in GC cells by targeting ZEB2 and MACC1/Met/Akt pathway	√	ZEB2, MACC1	Invasion and migration	20 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	China	[261]
miR-217	A potential prognostic marker; miR-217-EZH2 axis may be a potential therapeutic target	√	EZH2	Proliferation, invasion and migration	83 GC tissues vs adjacent tissues	China, United States	[262]
miR-15a and miR-16-1	MiR-15a and miR-16-1 have inhibitory effect providing a therapeutic potential in GC	√	YAP1	Proliferation, colony formation, invasion and migration	60 GC vs paired adjacent tissues	Hong Kong	[263]

GC: Gastric cancer.