Molecular prognostic prediction in liver cirrhosis

Table 2 Molecular prognostic systems in cirrhotic patients

Molecular method	Risk score	Liver disease etiology	Outcomes	Sample	Proportion cirrhosis	Molecular marker	Risk groups and proportion of subjects	Note	Ref.
Gene expression	186-gene signature	HCV	Overall death,Progression to advanced cirrhosis,HCC	FFPE liver needle biopsy	100%	186-gene signature	Poor (25%)Intermediate (47%)Good prognosis (28%)		[52,53]
	HIR gene signature65-gene signature	HBV (89%)	223-gene sig: late HCC recurrence, 65-gene sig: early HCC recurrence	Frozen hepatic tissue	78%	223 (HIR) & 65-gene signature	HIR signature:High risk (32%)Low risk (68%)		[60]
	Activated HSC signature	HBV (92%)	HCC recurrence and survival	Frozen hepatic tissue	87%	37-gene signature	High risk (53%)Low risk (47%)		[62]
SNP	EGF	HCV	6-yr HCC risk	Blood	39%	EGF 61*G (rs4444903)	When combined with clinical markers:High risk (14%)Intermediate risk (29%)Low risk (57%)	Improved model when added clinical data: age, gender, smoking status, alkaline phosphatase level, platelet count	[67]
	Cirrhosis risk score	HCV	Fibrosis progression after liver transplantation	Blood	41% progressed to at least F3 fibrosis	7-SNP signature	High risk (44%)Intermediate risk (29%)Low risk (24%)		[64]
	PNPLA3	Alcohol (52%)HCV (48%)	6-yr HCC risk	Blood	100%	PNPLA3 444*G (rs738409)	When combined with clinical markers (alcoholic cirrhosis):High risk (25%)Intermediate risk (55%)Low risk (20%)		[113]
	MPO	HCV	HCC risk	Blood	100%	MPO -463*G (rs2333227)	High risk (GG, 51%)Intermediate risk (AG, 35%)Low risk (AA, 14%)		[69]
	CAT	HCV	HCC risk	Blood	100%	CAT -262*C (rs1001179)	High risk (CC, 68%)Intermediate risk (CT, 28%)Low risk (TT, 4%)	Not yet implemented in risk score	[69]
	HFE	Alcohol (54%)HCV (46%)	HCC risk	Blood	100%	HFE C282Y (rs1800562)	In alcoholic cirrhosis:High risk (GA, 8%)Low risk (GG, 92%)	Not predictive in HCV cirrhosis in this study	[114]

FFPE: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HIR: Hepatic injury and regeneration; HSC: Hepatic stellate cell; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism.