Liver transplantation for biliary atresia: A single-center study from mainland China

Table 4 Postoperative complications after liver transplantation

Complications	Patient number1		Managements	Outcomes2
	Stage I (n = 45)	Stage II (n = 77)
Surgical complications
HAT	4	2	DSA (3 pts); thrombectomy and reconstruction (6 pts)	3 pts died
PVT	5	5	Reoperation (5 pts); metal stent placement (1 pt)	7 pts died
Biliary leakage	3	2	Drainage or reoperation	3 pts died
Biliary stricture	2	1	PTCD (1 pt)	2 pts died
Biliary sludge	1	0	Retransplantation	Alive
Wound dehiscence	3	1	Debridement and re-closure	2 pts died
Digestive tract perforation	2	2	Reoperation	4 pts died
Intra-abdominal bleeding	0	1	Reoperation	Alive
Wound infection	1	0	Regular wound dressing	1 pt died
Small-for-size syndrome	0	1	-	1 pt died
Large-for-size syndrome	0	1	-	1 pt died
Non-surgical complications
Pulmonary infection	14	16	Antibiotics (30 pts); mechanical ventilation (5 pts)	11 pts died
CMV infection	17	13	Antivirus therapy	7 pts died
EBV infection	3	10	Antivirus therapy	1 pt died
De novo HBV infection	7	6	Antivirus therapy	2 pts died
Drug-induced liver injury	0	1	Withdrawal of the drug	1 pt died
Tuberculous pleurisy	1	0	Anti-tuberculosis	Alive
Acute rejection	15	13	Increased the dosage of the immunosuppressant; bolus doses of steroids	5 pts died
PTLD	0	1	-	1 pt died
Hirsutism	7	0	Replacement of cyclosporine with tacrolimus	1 pt died
Intravascular hemolysis	1	1	Steroid therapy; withdrawal of blood transfusion	1 pt died

¹Multiple complications might occur in a single patient;

²Patients who experienced the complication but died from other reasons before the last follow-up contact were also included. CMV: Cytomegalovirus; DSA: Digital subtraction angiography; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; HAT: Hepatic artery thrombosis; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; pt: Patient; PTCD: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; PTLD: Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease; pts: Patients; PVT: Portal venous thrombosis.