Liver enzymes, metabolomics and genome-wide association studies: From systems biology to the personalized medicine

Table 5 PNPLA3-rs738409 metabolite trait associations from the genome-wide association studies catalog

Variant ID	LD with rs738409	Metabolite ratio	P value for association
rs12483959	0.657	Cholesterol/gamma-glutamyltyrosine	7.76 × 10-6
rs2076211	0.657	Cholesterol/gamma-glutamyltyrosine	1.19 × 10-5
rs2076211	0.657	Aspartylphenylalanine/docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)	5.26 × 10-6
rs2294922	0.657	Docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)/eicosapentaenoate (EPA; 20:5n3)	4.64 × 10-7
rs2073081	0.568	3-methoxytyrosine/gamma-glutamylthreonine	2.14 × 10-5
rs2281135	0.609	Glycocholate/levulinate (4-oxovalerate)	3.26 × 10-5
rs1010023	0.609	Docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)/phenylacetylglutamine	1.43 × 10-5
rs926633	0.609	Docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)/myristate (14:0)	1.08 × 10-5
rs2896019	0.607	Aspartylphenylalanine/docosapentaenoate (n3 DPA; 22:5n3)	1.31 × 10-5

Information was retrieved from the GWAS server at the freely accessible URL: http://metabolomics.helmholtz-muenchen.de. This server combines data on large GWAS and non-targeted and metabolome-wide panel of small molecules, using blood samples and phenotype data from 2824 individuals of two major population-based European cohorts: the German KORA study and the British TWINs UK study. LD: Linkage disequilibrium that refers to a non-random association in the occurrence of alleles at two loci was assessed by R² (the square of the correlation coefficient between the presence or absence of a particular allele at the first locus and the other representing the presence or absence of a particular allele at the second locus). GWAS: Genome-wide association studies.